[普通人群对常见精神障碍及所采取治疗方法的常识水平：教育程度和居住地区的影响]

Xu Yi, Cai Wei, Hu Jian-bo, Shi Qi-chang, Li Lu

Department of Mental Health, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2005 Jul;39(4):237-40.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the differences in level of common knowledge toward common psychiatric disorders and means of therapy in general population, resulting from different education levels and living areas.

METHODS

All 4,614 persons over 15 years of age recruited from general population in Zhejiang Province via stratified randomly sampling, were classified by education levels as illiteracy, primary school level, high school level, and college level. Each group was thus divided into two categories according to the person's living areas, ie urban and rural area. The level of common knowledge about psychosis and means of therapy were measured by a questionnaire administered to all subjects.

RESULTS

The rate of knowledge of neurasthenic was the highest, reaching to 71.1%, then of knowledge of schizophrenia and depression, was 47.9% and 39.3% respectively, and the rate of knowledge of alcohol dependence, mania and obsessive-compulsive disorder was lower than 20%. The rate of knowledge of the 6 common psychiatric disorders was higher in people from urban area, than from rural areas. The rate of knowledge of common psychiatric disorders was increased correspondingly to the increase of the education level among the people residing at the same living area. The main means of therapy the people selected was western medicine and psychology, reaching at 24.0% and 34.8% respectively. There were significant differences among the people with different education levels but from the same living areas, and the people with lower education levels were likely to choose the therapy of western medicine, on the other hand, the people with higher education levels were tending to choose the therapy of psychology.

CONCLUSION

The popularization of the knowledge and the education about mental health should be reinforced, as to improving the knowledge about mental health, choosing a correct means of therapy to the common psychiatric disorders and promoting the mental health status of the population.

目的

探讨不同教育程度和生活地区的普通人群对常见精神障碍及其治疗方法的常识水平差异。

方法

通过分层随机抽样从浙江省普通人群中招募的4614名15岁以上人员，按教育程度分为文盲、小学、高中和大学水平。然后根据居住地区将每组分为城市和农村两类。通过对所有受试者进行问卷调查来测量对精神病的常识水平和治疗方法。

结果

神经衰弱的知晓率最高，达到71.1%，其次是精神分裂症和抑郁症，分别为47.9%和39.3%，酒精依赖、躁狂症和强迫症的知晓率低于20%。城市地区人群对6种常见精神障碍的知晓率高于农村地区。在同一居住地区的人群中，常见精神障碍的知晓率随着教育程度的提高而相应增加。人们选择的主要治疗方法是西医和心理治疗，分别占24.0%和34.8%。不同教育程度但居住在同一地区的人群之间存在显著差异，教育程度较低的人群倾向于选择西医治疗，另一方面，教育程度较高的人群倾向于选择心理治疗。