Park Chung S
Animal and Range Sciences Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, USA.
FASEB J. 2005 Oct;19(12):1586-91. doi: 10.1096/fj.05-3816hyp.
To better understand the role of nutrition in regulating mammary gland development and lactation, we designed a novel stair-step compensatory nutrition regimen that is a unique combination of dietary energy restriction and realimentation (refeeding) phases; the basic concept of this regimen is to exploit the biological nature of the compensatory growth phenomenon in concert with one or more hormone-sensitive allometric phases of mammary development (i.e., peripuberty through gestation). Nutritionally induced compensatory growth during different developmental stages before first parturition positively affects mammary development and life-long lactation performance. This permanent enhancement of mammary gland growth and lactation potential strongly suggests a possible mechanistic link between nutritionally induced compensatory growth, epigenetic control of mammary gene expression, and metabolic imprinting. We hypothesize that compensatory-directed metabolic imprinting once set during late pregnancy prior to the first parturition persistently maintains and exerts its adaptive response on mammogenesis and galactopoiesis (i.e., maintenance and/or enhancement of milk secretion). The ability to influence heritable genes regulating milk synthesis may be used to improve the quality and quantity of milk (e.g., infant health, the secretion of certain immunoglobulins or growth factors) as well as the longevity of lactation.
为了更好地理解营养在调节乳腺发育和泌乳中的作用，我们设计了一种新颖的阶梯式补偿营养方案，该方案是饮食能量限制和再喂养阶段的独特组合；此方案的基本概念是利用补偿性生长现象的生物学特性，结合乳腺发育的一个或多个激素敏感异速生长阶段（即从青春期前到妊娠期）。首次分娩前不同发育阶段由营养诱导的补偿性生长对乳腺发育和终生泌乳性能有积极影响。乳腺生长和泌乳潜力的这种永久性增强强烈表明，营养诱导的补偿性生长、乳腺基因表达的表观遗传控制和代谢印记之间可能存在机制联系。我们假设，首次分娩前妊娠后期一旦建立的补偿性定向代谢印记会持续维持，并对乳腺生成和泌乳（即维持和/或增强乳汁分泌）发挥其适应性反应。影响调节乳汁合成的可遗传基因的能力可用于提高乳汁的质量和数量（例如，婴儿健康、某些免疫球蛋白或生长因子的分泌）以及泌乳的持续时间。
