Missildine Brian R, Peters Roger J, Chin-Leo Gerardo, Houck Douglas
United States Fish and Wildlife Service, 510 Desmond Drive, Lacey, Washington 98503, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2005 Sep 15;39(18):6944-51. doi: 10.1021/es0506408.
Identifying the source of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is the first step to eliminating contamination within anadromous salmonids and other aquatic species. We evaluated PCB concentrations in the muscle tissue of 4-year old Puget Sound and coastal hatchery Chinook salmon in an effortto identify potential locations where contamination occurs. Ten muscle samples were taken from each of two Puget Sound hatcheries and two coastal hatcheries in Washington State to determine PCB concentrations. Two technical mixtures of PCBs, Aroclor 1254 and Aroclor 1260, were measured in the tissue samples collected. Aroclor 1254 was detected in all samples, while Aroclor 1260 was detected in 16 of 40 samples. Generalized linear modeling (GLM) was used to evaluate the influence of region (Puget Sound and coast), hatchery, sex, fish length, and percent lipids on PCB concentrations. Twenty different GLMs representing multiple null hypotheses were ranked using Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Six of the 20 models evaluated had substantial support for being the best model to describe PCB concentrations in Chinook salmon. The six models with substantial support were region and lipids; region; hatchery and lipid; region and sex; region, sex, and lipids; and region and length. Region appears to be the most influential variable explaining the variation in PCB concentrations in Chinook salmon in the Pacific Northwest. PCB concentrations in Chinook salmon muscle tissue from Puget Sound hatcheries were significantly greater (mean 49.26 microg/kg wet weight and standard deviation 40.55 microg/kg) than those from coastal hatcheries (mean 17.41 microg/kg wet weight and standard deviation 6.8 microg/kg). Our results suggest that some contamination likely occurs in the Pacific Ocean. However, a larger source likely exists within Puget Sound or along the migratory route of Puget Sound Chinook salmon. The observation of PCBs in Chinook salmon also has important implications for human health and salmon carcass supplementation.
确定多氯联苯（PCBs）的来源是消除溯河产卵鲑科鱼类和其他水生物种污染的第一步。我们评估了4岁的普吉特海湾和沿海孵化场奇努克鲑肌肉组织中的多氯联苯浓度，以确定可能发生污染的地点。从华盛顿州的两个普吉特海湾孵化场和两个沿海孵化场各采集了10份肌肉样本，以测定多氯联苯浓度。在采集的组织样本中测量了两种多氯联苯技术混合物，即氯丹1254和氯丹1260。所有样本中均检测到氯丹1254，而40个样本中有16个检测到氯丹1260。使用广义线性模型（GLM）评估区域（普吉特海湾和沿海地区）、孵化场、性别、鱼的长度和脂质百分比对多氯联苯浓度的影响。使用赤池信息准则（AIC）对代表多个零假设的20个不同广义线性模型进行排序。评估的20个模型中有6个得到了充分支持，被认为是描述奇努克鲑多氯联苯浓度的最佳模型。得到充分支持的6个模型分别是区域和脂质；区域；孵化场和脂质；区域和性别；区域、性别和脂质；区域和长度。区域似乎是解释太平洋西北地区奇努克鲑多氯联苯浓度变化的最具影响力的变量。普吉特海湾孵化场的奇努克鲑肌肉组织中的多氯联苯浓度（平均湿重49.26微克/千克，标准差40.55微克/千克）显著高于沿海孵化场（平均湿重17.41微克/千克，标准差6.8微克/千克）。我们的结果表明，太平洋可能存在一些污染。然而，普吉特海湾或普吉特海湾奇努克鲑的洄游路线沿线可能存在更大的污染源。在奇努克鲑中观察到多氯联苯也对人类健康和鲑鱼尸体补充具有重要意义。
