Brzóska Edyta, Grabowska Iwona
Faculty of Biology, Department of Cytology, Warsaw University, 1 Miecznikowa St., 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
Postepy Biochem. 2005;51(1):52-9.
Syndecans are transmembrane proteoglycans expressed on adherent cells. They are a family of four proteins, which participate in cell-matrix adhesion, the regulation of growth factors (FGFs, VEGF, HGF) binding and signaling. The extracellular domain of syndecans contains heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains. Syndecans have transmembrane region and a short cytoplasmic domain. The cytoplasmic domain attaches activated protein kinase Calpha, phosphatidyl-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate, syntenin, beta-catenin and many others molecules. Syndecans bind numerous ligands, which are present in extracellular matrix: growth factors, enzymes, extracellular matrix molecules (fibronectin, laminin). They form connections with actin cytoskeleton. The changes in syndecan expression influence on cell adhesion and migration, structure of focal contacts and cytoskeleton. Syndecans participate in cell differentiation and tissue regeneration.
Syndecans是表达于贴壁细胞上的跨膜蛋白聚糖。它们是一个由四种蛋白质组成的家族，参与细胞与基质的黏附、生长因子（FGFs、VEGF、HGF）的结合及信号传导调控。Syndecans的细胞外结构域包含硫酸乙酰肝素和硫酸软骨素糖胺聚糖链。Syndecans具有跨膜区和一个短的胞质结构域。胞质结构域可结合活化的蛋白激酶Cα、磷脂酰肌醇-4,5-二磷酸、syntenin、β-连环蛋白及许多其他分子。Syndecans可结合细胞外基质中存在的众多配体：生长因子、酶、细胞外基质分子（纤连蛋白、层粘连蛋白）。它们与肌动蛋白细胞骨架形成连接。Syndecans表达的变化会影响细胞黏附与迁移、黏着斑和细胞骨架的结构。Syndecans参与细胞分化和组织再生。
