Center differences and cross-national invariance in help-seeking for panic disorder. A report from the cross-national collaborative panic study.

Help-seeking behaviour for treatment of panic disorder was investigated in the sample of the Cross-National Collaborative Panic Study Second Phase. A total of 1168 patients were entered into this trial in 14 countries. Although there were significant center differences in prior treatment and utilization of health services there were also similarities. Treatment had been provided mainly by general practitioners. Drug treatment consisted mostly of prescription of classical tranquilizers and had a longer duration than treatment by psychotherapy. Patients with agoraphobic avoidance, past major depression and longer duration of illness used medical and psychiatric treatment facilities more intensely. Older and more severely disabled subjects were more frequently treated by medical health care providers and were more likely to receive psychotropic drugs. The results indicate that general practitioners carry an important load in the treatment of panic disorders but may need more information about recent development in pharmacotherapy for this condition.