Constantin Claudia, Huber Wolf Dietrich, Granditsch Gerhard, Weghofer Margit, Valenta Rudolf
Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2005 Nov;138(3):257-66. doi: 10.1159/000088727. Epub 2005 Oct 7.
Dietary intake of wheat can cause two distinct immunologically mediated diseases with severe gastrointestinal manifestations, coeliac disease (CD) and IgE-mediated food allergy. The pathomechanisms underlying these diseases are different, but the profile of the target antigens in wheat has not been compared for the two diseases.
We compared IgA- and IgE-reactive antigens in wheat using sera from patients with coeliac disease (n = 35) and food allergy to wheat (n = 16) by one- and two-dimensional immunoblotting. Furthermore, the IgG subclass (IgG1-IgG4) reactivity to wheat antigens was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
IgA antibodies from CD patients and IgE antibodies from allergic patients recognised distinct profiles of wheat antigens. Furthermore, the IgG subclass responses to wheat antigens were different in CD and wheat-allergic patients.
This study thus demonstrates that wheat contains antigens/epitopes which are preferentially recognised by CD patients, whereas others elicit IgE-mediated food allergy. This finding suggests that the nature of a food antigen may influence the quality of the pathological immune response in the gut and has implications for the diagnosis and therapy of hypersensitivity to wheat.
小麦的膳食摄入可引发两种具有严重胃肠道表现的不同免疫介导疾病，即乳糜泻（CD）和IgE介导的食物过敏。这些疾病的发病机制不同，但尚未对这两种疾病中小麦的靶抗原谱进行比较。
我们通过一维及二维免疫印迹法，使用来自乳糜泻患者（n = 35）和对小麦食物过敏患者（n = 16）的血清，比较了小麦中IgA和IgE反应性抗原。此外，通过酶联免疫吸附测定法研究了IgG亚类（IgG1 - IgG4）对小麦抗原的反应性。
CD患者的IgA抗体和过敏患者的IgE抗体识别出不同的小麦抗原谱。此外，CD患者和小麦过敏患者对小麦抗原的IgG亚类反应也不同。
因此，本研究表明小麦含有一些抗原/表位，它们优先被CD患者识别，而其他一些则引发IgE介导的食物过敏。这一发现表明食物抗原的性质可能会影响肠道病理性免疫反应的性质，并对小麦过敏的诊断和治疗具有启示意义。
