Złotkowska Renata, Skiba Magda
Zakładu Epidemiologii, Instytutu Medycyny Pracy i Zdrowia Srodowiskowego w Sosnowcu.
Med Pr. 2005;56(3):241-7.
The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of asthma and to identify the basic host and environmental risk factors for asthma and symptoms suggestive of asthma in Polish adolescents aged 15 years.
The study was performed as a cross-sectional questionnaire survey comprising population of 854 - 68.3% of all eligible students, attending schools located in Jaworzno. Parents or guardians filled the questionnaire, which contained questions on the occurrence of respiratory and allergic symptoms and diseases, family history of these pathologies, data on exposure to indoor factors and socioeconomic status of the family. Statistical analyses involved calculation of the prevalence of asthma and symptoms suggestive of asthma and identification of risk factors on the basis of multivariate logistic regression.
Wheezing in the last year preceding the survey was reported in 44 (5.1%) adolescents, attacks of dyspnea with wheezing in 22 (2.6%), and asthma in 46 (5.4%) adolescents. The results of multivariate logistic regression revealed that the presence of atopy was the most important risk factor for asthma (odds ratio: OR - 7.8; p = 0.0001). Other statistically significant risk factors for asthma and symptoms suggestive of asthma were positive history of allergy in mothers (OR - 8.3; p = 0.04) and positive history of severe respiratory disease in early childhood (OR - 4.7; p = 0.007).
The results of our study justify the need for activities aimed at proper job orientation in future for adolescents with the presence of atopy.
本研究旨在评估哮喘的患病率，并确定15岁波兰青少年哮喘及疑似哮喘症状的基本宿主和环境风险因素。
本研究采用横断面问卷调查，对象为位于 Jaworzno 的学校中854名学生（占所有符合条件学生的68.3%）。家长或监护人填写问卷，内容包括呼吸和过敏症状及疾病的发生情况、这些病症的家族病史、室内因素暴露数据以及家庭社会经济状况。统计分析包括计算哮喘及疑似哮喘症状的患病率，并基于多因素逻辑回归确定风险因素。
在调查前一年，44名（5.1%）青少年报告有喘息，22名（2.6%）有伴有喘息的呼吸困难发作，46名（5.4%）青少年被诊断为哮喘。多因素逻辑回归结果显示，特应性是哮喘最重要的风险因素（比值比：OR - 7.8；p = 0.0001）。其他与哮喘及疑似哮喘症状有统计学显著关联的风险因素包括母亲有过敏史（OR - 8.3；p = 0.04）和儿童早期有严重呼吸道疾病史（OR - 4.7；p = 0.007）。
我们的研究结果表明，有必要针对未来有特应性的青少年开展旨在进行适当职业指导的活动。
