Anderson Christopher J, Mitsch William J, Nairn Robert W
The Schiermeier Olentangy River Wetland Research Park, School of Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43202, USA.
J Environ Qual. 2005 Oct 12;34(6):2072-81. doi: 10.2134/jeq2005.0168. Print 2005 Nov-Dec.
The amount of time it takes for created wetlands to develop soils comparable to natural wetlands is relatively unknown. Surface soil changes over time were evaluated in two created wetlands (approximately 1 ha each) at the Olentangy River Wetland Research Park in Columbus, Ohio. The two wetlands were constructed in 1993 to be identical in size and geomorphology, and maintained to have the same hydrology. The only initial difference between the wetlands was that one was planted with native macrophytes while the other was not. In May 2004, soil samples were collected (10 yr and 2 mo after the wetlands were flooded) and compared to samples collected in 1993 (after the wetlands were excavated but before flooding) and 1995 (18 mo after the wetlands were flooded). In all three years, soils were split into surface (0-8 cm) and subsurface (8-16 cm) depths and analyzed for soil organic matter, total C, total P, available P, exchangeable cations, and pH. Soils in the two wetlands have changed substantially through sedimentation and organic accretion. Between 1993 and 1995, soils were most influenced by the deposition of senescent macroalgae, the mobilization of soluble nutrients, and the precipitation of CaCO(3). Between 1995 and 2004, soil parameters were influenced more by the deposition of organic matter from colonized macrophyte communities. Mean percent organic matter at the surface increased from 5.3 +/- 0.1% in 1993, 6.1 +/- 0.2% in 1995, to 9.5 +/- 0.2% in 2004. Mean total P increased from 493 +/- 18 microg g(-1) in 1993, 600 +/- 23 microg g(-1) in 1995, to 724 +/- 20 microg g(-1) in 2004. Spatial analyses of percent organic matter (a commonly used indicator of hydric soil condition) at both wetlands in 1993, 1995, and 2004 showed that soil conditions have become increasingly more variable. High spatial structure (autocorrelation) between data points was detected in 1993 and 2004, with data in 2004 exhibiting a much higher overall variance and narrower range of spatial structure than in 1993.
人工湿地发育出与天然湿地相当的土壤所需的时间相对未知。在俄亥俄州哥伦布市奥伦坦吉河湿地研究公园的两个人工湿地（每个约1公顷）中评估了表层土壤随时间的变化。这两个人工湿地于1993年建造，大小和地貌相同，并保持相同的水文条件。这两个湿地最初的唯一区别是，一个种植了本地大型植物，而另一个没有。2004年5月，采集了土壤样本（湿地被淹没10年零2个月后），并与1993年（湿地挖掘后但未淹没前）和1995年（湿地被淹没18个月后）采集的样本进行比较。在这三年中，土壤被分为表层（0 - 8厘米）和亚表层（8 - 16厘米）深度，并分析了土壤有机质、总碳、总磷、有效磷、交换性阳离子和pH值。通过沉积和有机物质积累，这两个人工湿地的土壤发生了显著变化。在1993年至1995年期间，土壤受衰老大型藻类的沉积、可溶性养分的迁移和碳酸钙沉淀的影响最大。在1995年至2004年期间，土壤参数更多地受到定殖大型植物群落有机物质沉积的影响。表层有机物质的平均百分比从1993年的5.3±0.1%、1995年的6.1±0.2%增加到2004年的9.5±0.2%。平均总磷从1993年的493±18微克/克、1995年的600±23微克/克增加到2004年的724±20微克/克。对1993年、1995年和2004年两个湿地的有机物质百分比（水成土条件的常用指标）进行空间分析表明，土壤条件变得越来越多变。在1993年和2004年检测到数据点之间的高空间结构（自相关），2004年的数据总体方差比1993年高得多，空间结构范围更窄。
