Zhong Xiu-Li, Cui De-Cai, Li Yu-Zhong
Institute of Agro-Environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Zhi Wu Sheng Li Yu Fen Zi Sheng Wu Xue Xue Bao. 2005 Oct;31(5):451-60.
Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyzes structural phospholipids of biological membrane to produce phosphatidic acid (PA) and a free-head group. Both of these compounds can participate in signal transduction. Since the activation of PLD involved in many cellular signaling cascades was identified in recent years, knowledge of and interest in PLD have grown greatly, and significant progress has been made toward understanding PLD. This paper reviewed the research progress on gene structure, regulation and cellular function of PLD. PLDs are encoded by a multiple heterogenous gene family. The overall domain structures of plant PLDs are similar, but important differences occur in some of the motifs. The small structural variations underlie distinct regulatory and catalytic properties and cellular function in signaling. PA and other messengers produced by other phospholipase pathways can be interconverted with the action of lipid kinase and phosphatase. PLD is thought to function as an integral part of a network involving other lipid-signaling enzymes and messengers. Some research evidence demonstrated the specificity of PLDs in signal transduction with plant species, cell types, stimuli and cellular processes. Some important questions about PLD study were also raised.
磷脂酶D（PLD）可水解生物膜的结构磷脂，生成磷脂酸（PA）和一个游离头部基团。这两种化合物均可参与信号转导。近年来，随着参与许多细胞信号级联反应的PLD激活被发现，人们对PLD的了解和兴趣大幅增长，在理解PLD方面取得了显著进展。本文综述了PLD在基因结构、调控及细胞功能方面的研究进展。PLD由一个多基因异源家族编码。植物PLD的整体结构域相似，但在一些基序上存在重要差异。这些微小的结构差异构成了不同的调控和催化特性以及信号转导中的细胞功能基础。PA和其他磷脂酶途径产生的其他信使可通过脂质激酶和磷酸酶的作用相互转化。PLD被认为是涉及其他脂质信号酶和信使的网络的一个组成部分。一些研究证据证明了PLD在不同植物物种、细胞类型、刺激因素及细胞过程的信号转导中的特异性。同时也提出了一些关于PLD研究的重要问题。
