Osawa R
Veterinary Service and Research, Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary, Fig Tree Pocket, Brisbane, Australia.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992 May;58(5):1754-9. doi: 10.1128/aem.58.5.1754-1759.1992.
Tannin-protein complex (T-PC)-degrading enterobacteria (T-PCDE) were isolated from the feces and from a layer of bacteria attached to the cecal wall of koalas. The T-PCDE were facultatively anaerobic, gram-negative, pleomorphic, nonmotile bacilli. The bacteria were also oxidase and catalase negative and resistant to vancomycin, reduced nitrates to nitrites, and grew on MacConkey agar. Growth on tannin-treated agar media showed a distinctive clear zone around the colony. From these observations, a selective agar plate medium (vancomycin- and tannin-treated Wilkins-Chalgren anaerobe agar) was developed to enumerate T-PCDE isolated from the feces of koalas. This medium was highly selective in the enumeration of the fecal T-PCDE and inhibited the growth of concomitant T-PC-degrading Streptococcus bovis. The T-PCDE were isolated from 10 of the 12 captive koalas studied; in 8 of these 10 koalas, the facultatively anaerobic bacterial flora was dominated (more than 60%) by T-PCDE. Viable numbers of T-PCDE were, in most of the animals, much larger (more than 100 times) than the numbers of T-PC-degrading S. bovis, suggesting that T-PCDE played a more active role in digesting T-PC in the alimentary tracts of koalas.
从考拉的粪便以及附着在盲肠壁上的一层细菌中分离出了能够降解单宁 - 蛋白质复合物（T - PC）的肠道细菌（T - PCDE）。T - PCDE是兼性厌氧、革兰氏阴性、多形性、不运动的杆菌。这些细菌氧化酶和过氧化氢酶阴性，对万古霉素耐药，能将硝酸盐还原为亚硝酸盐，且能在麦康凯琼脂上生长。在经单宁处理的琼脂培养基上生长时，菌落周围会出现明显的透明圈。基于这些观察结果，开发了一种选择性琼脂平板培养基（经万古霉素和单宁处理的威尔金斯 - 查尔格伦厌氧琼脂），用于对从考拉粪便中分离出的T - PCDE进行计数。这种培养基在计数粪便中的T - PCDE时具有高度选择性，可抑制同时存在的能够降解T - PC的牛链球菌的生长。在所研究的12只圈养考拉中，有10只分离出了T - PCDE；在这10只考拉中的8只里，兼性厌氧菌群以T - PCDE为主（超过60%）。在大多数动物中，T - PCDE的活菌数量比能够降解T - PC的牛链球菌数量大得多（超过100倍），这表明T - PCDE在考拉消化道中消化T - PC方面发挥了更积极的作用。
