Rose Michael R, Rauser Casandra L, Mueller Laurence D
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-2525, USA.
Physiol Biochem Zool. 2005 Nov-Dec;78(6):869-78. doi: 10.1086/498179. Epub 2005 Oct 13.
Late life is a distinct phase of life that occurs after the aging period and is now known to be general among aging organisms. While aging is characterized by a deterioration in survivorship and fertility, late life is characterized by the cessation of such age-related deterioration. Thus, late life presents a new and interesting area of research not only for evolutionary biology but also for physiology. In this article, we present the theoretical and experimental background to late life, as developed by evolutionary biologists and demographers. We discuss the discovery of late life and the two main theories developed to explain this phase of life: lifelong demographic heterogeneity theory and evolutionary theory based on the force of natural selection. Finally, we suggest topics for future physiological research on late life.
晚年是生命中一个独特的阶段，发生在衰老期之后，现在已知在衰老生物体中普遍存在。衰老的特征是生存能力和繁殖能力的下降，而晚年的特征是这种与年龄相关的衰退停止。因此，晚年不仅为进化生物学，也为生理学呈现了一个新的、有趣的研究领域。在本文中，我们介绍了进化生物学家和人口统计学家所发展的关于晚年的理论和实验背景。我们讨论了晚年的发现以及为解释生命这个阶段而发展的两个主要理论：终身人口统计学异质性理论和基于自然选择力量的进化理论。最后，我们提出了未来关于晚年生理学研究的主题。
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