Thiago L R, Gill M, Sissons J W
AFRC Institute for Grassland and Animal Production, Hurley, Maidenhead, Berkshire.
Br J Nutr. 1992 May;67(3):319-36. doi: 10.1079/bjn19920038.
The influence of the method of conserving grass herbage and the frequency of feeding on eating behaviour, rumen motility and rumen fill was studied in growing steers. Silage and hay were offered to twelve rumen-cannulated Friesian steers (average initial live weight (LW) 128 kg) at a restricted level of intake (20 g dry matter (DM)/kg LW) either once or eight times daily. With once daily feeding, the daily intake of hay was consumed in a single large meal which lasted about 2 h, while silage was eaten in many small meals throughout the day. The proportion of the day spent ruminating was higher (0.39) for steers offered hay once daily than for those offered silage (0.28) or hay eight times per day (0.29). There was little effect of conservation method on frequency of rumen contraction, but contractile intensity (integration of frequency and amplitude) increased during the second half of the 24 h feeding cycle in steers offered hay either once daily or eight times daily, while the same effect was only observed when silage was offered once daily. Total daily contractile activity (the integration of the frequency and duration of myoelectric spike bursts) was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in steers offered hay, compared with silage, once daily. The mean weight of organic matter in the reticulo-rumen of steers offered hay was significantly higher than for silage both with once (1593 v. 1326 g organic matter (OM)/100 kg LW, P less than 0.01) and eight (1367 v. 1160 g OM/100 kg LW, P less than 0.05) times daily feeding. The proportion of the particulate pool which was present as small (less than 1.2 mm) particles was always greater than 0.60.
研究了保存青草的方法及饲喂频率对生长育肥牛采食行为、瘤胃蠕动和瘤胃充盈度的影响。给12头安装了瘤胃瘘管的弗里斯兰育肥牛（平均初始活重128千克）提供青贮饲料和干草，采食量限制在（20克干物质/千克活重），每日投喂1次或8次。每日投喂1次时，干草的日采食量在一次持续约2小时的大餐中吃完，而青贮饲料则在一天内分多次小餐吃完。每日投喂1次干草的育肥牛用于反刍的时间比例（0.39）高于投喂青贮饲料（0.28）或每日投喂8次干草（0.29）的育肥牛。保存方法对瘤胃收缩频率影响不大，但每日投喂1次或8次干草的育肥牛在24小时采食周期的后半段，收缩强度（频率和幅度的积分）增加，而只有在每日投喂1次青贮饲料时才观察到相同效果。与青贮饲料相比，每日投喂1次干草的育肥牛每日总的收缩活动（肌电尖峰爆发的频率和持续时间的积分）显著更高（P<0.05）。无论是每日投喂1次（1593对1326克有机物/100千克活重，P<0.01）还是8次（1367对1160克有机物/100千克活重，P<0.05），投喂干草的育肥牛瘤网胃中有机物的平均重量均显著高于投喂青贮饲料的育肥牛。颗粒池中小于1.2毫米的小颗粒所占比例始终大于0.60。
