Williamson P R, Gamble C, Altman D G, Hutton J L
Centre for Medical Statistics and Health Evaluation, Shelley's Cottage, Brownlow Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GS, UK.
Stat Methods Med Res. 2005 Oct;14(5):515-24. doi: 10.1191/0962280205sm415oa.
Publication bias has been previously identified as a threat to the validity of a meta-analysis. Recently, new evidence has documented an additional threat to validity, the selective reporting of trial outcomes within published studies. Several diseases have several possible measures of outcome. Some articles might report only a selection of those outcomes, perhaps those with statistically significant results. In this article, we review this problem while addressing the questions: what is within-study selective reporting? how common is it? why is it done? how can it mislead? how can it be detected?, and finally, what is the solution? We recommend that both publication bias and selective reporting should be routinely investigated in systematic reviews.
发表偏倚先前已被确认为对荟萃分析有效性的一种威胁。最近，新的证据记录了对有效性的另一种威胁，即已发表研究中对试验结果的选择性报告。几种疾病有几种可能的结局衡量指标。一些文章可能只报告了这些结局中的一部分，也许是那些具有统计学显著结果的结局。在本文中，我们在探讨以下问题的同时审视这一问题：研究内选择性报告是什么？它有多常见？为什么要这样做？它如何产生误导？如何检测到它？最后，解决办法是什么？我们建议在系统评价中应常规调查发表偏倚和选择性报告。
