Ning Ana M
Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L9.
Med Anthropol. 2005 Oct-Dec;24(4):349-82. doi: 10.1080/01459740500334649.
Conventional paradigms of drug treatment present addicts as liars, fabricators, and manipulators until they are truly involved in their recovery process. My ethnographic study engages with and expands upon Foucault's (1988) concept of "games of truth" and De Certeau's (1984) work on "strategies" and "tactics" to illuminate complex and shifting relations between and among staff and clients in a methadone clinic in Toronto, Canada. I suggest the notion of "complicity" in order to address radical instability in these relationships, and I also question commonly held binaries, such as truth and lies, enunciation and action, domination and resistance, that underlie theoretical and addiction treatment realms. In this process, I contribute not only to anthropological theorizing but also to policy making. The staff and clients' multifaceted interpretations of heroin recovery question a single standard of "successful" treatment and point to the need for broader social interventions to address the diverse needs of heroin users.
传统的药物治疗模式将成瘾者视为骗子、捏造者和操纵者，直到他们真正参与到康复过程中。我的人种志研究借鉴并扩展了福柯（1988）的“真理游戏”概念以及德塞尔托（1984）关于“策略”和“战术”的研究，以阐明加拿大多伦多一家美沙酮诊所中工作人员与服务对象之间复杂多变的关系。我提出“共谋”这一概念，以应对这些关系中的极端不稳定性，同时我也质疑一些常见的二元对立观念，比如真理与谎言、言语与行动、支配与抵抗等，这些观念构成了理论和成瘾治疗领域的基础。在此过程中，我不仅为人类学理论化做出了贡献，也为政策制定提供了参考。工作人员和服务对象对海洛因康复的多方面解读，对单一的“成功”治疗标准提出了质疑，并指出需要更广泛的社会干预措施来满足海洛因使用者的多样化需求。
