Jackson Fleda Mask, Hogue Carol Rowland, Phillips Mona Taylor
Department of Epidemiology, Women's and Children's Center, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. fjack02sph.emory.edu
Ethn Dis. 2005 Autumn;15(4):594-600.
Community-based research was conducted to develop an identity stress measure for African-American women. The aim of the investigation was to capture the voices of African-American women telling their experiences of stress and support and to have their voices inform the development of an identity stress measure representing the realities of being Black and female. In this paper, we describe the components of a race and gender-specific stress measure emerging from a multidisciplinary iterative process that employed qualitative and quantitative methods.
The research was initiated by focus groups and interviews where women were asked to share their experiences of stress and support. Four hundred seventy-four (474) African-American women from the metropolitan Atlanta area collaborated in the study by participating in one or more phases of the research. Content analysis of the qualitative data informed the development of a 71-item race and gender-specific stress measure for African-American women. The scale and a battery of validity measures (Spielburger Anger and Anxiety, John Henryism, and NHIS-depression) were administered twice over a 30-day period followed by group discussions and interviews.
Content and factor analysis resulted in the development of six subscales: racism, burden, personal history, work, support/coping, and stress states. The measure has been validated with established measures of anger, anxiety, depression. Significant correlations were established for all of the stress subscales and measures of anger (trait anger, anger-in, anger-out, and anger expression). Findings indicate significant correlations for the burden subscale and anger-in (r=.33, <.01) and stress states and trait anxiety (r=.57, <.01).
开展基于社区的研究，以开发一种针对非裔美国女性的身份认同压力测量工具。该调查的目的是捕捉非裔美国女性讲述她们压力与支持经历的声音，并让她们的声音为代表黑人女性现实情况的身份认同压力测量工具的开发提供信息。在本文中，我们描述了一种基于种族和性别的压力测量工具的组成部分，该工具源自一个采用定性和定量方法的多学科迭代过程。
研究始于焦点小组和访谈，在这些活动中，女性被要求分享她们的压力与支持经历。来自亚特兰大大都市地区的474名非裔美国女性参与了研究的一个或多个阶段。对定性数据的内容分析为开发一项针对非裔美国女性的包含71个条目的基于种族和性别的压力测量工具提供了信息。在30天的时间里，对该量表和一系列效度测量工具（斯皮尔伯格愤怒与焦虑量表、约翰·亨利主义量表和国家健康访谈调查抑郁量表）进行了两次施测，随后进行小组讨论和访谈。
内容分析和因素分析产生了六个子量表：种族主义、负担、个人经历、工作、支持/应对和压力状态。该测量工具已通过与既定的愤怒、焦虑、抑郁测量工具进行验证。所有压力子量表与愤怒测量工具（特质愤怒、内隐愤怒、外显愤怒和愤怒表达）之间都建立了显著相关性。结果表明，负担子量表与内隐愤怒之间存在显著相关性（r = 0.33，p < 0.01），压力状态与特质焦虑之间存在显著相关性（r = 0.57，p < 0.01）。
