Le Comber Steven C, Nicholls Barry, Rossmo D Kim, Racey Paul A
School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK.
J Theor Biol. 2006 May 21;240(2):233-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.09.012. Epub 2005 Nov 2.
Geographic profiling was originally developed as a statistical tool for use in criminal cases, particularly those involving serial killers and rapists. It is designed to help police forces prioritize lists of suspects by using the location of crime scenes to identify the areas in which the criminal is most likely to live. Two important concepts are the buffer zone (criminals are less likely to commit crimes in the immediate vicinity of their home) and distance decay (criminals commit fewer crimes as the distance from their home increases). In this study, we show how the techniques of geographic profiling may be applied to animal data, using as an example foraging patterns in two sympatric colonies of pipistrelle bats, Pipistrellus pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus, in the northeast of Scotland. We show that if model variables are fitted to known roost locations, these variables may be used as numerical descriptors of foraging patterns. We go on to show that these variables can be used to differentiate patterns of foraging in these two species.
地理画像最初是作为一种统计工具开发出来，用于刑事案件，特别是那些涉及连环杀手和强奸犯的案件。它旨在通过利用犯罪现场的位置来确定罪犯最有可能居住的区域，帮助警方确定嫌疑人名单的优先级。两个重要的概念是缓冲区（罪犯不太可能在其住所附近立即犯罪）和距离衰减（随着与住所距离的增加，罪犯实施的犯罪减少）。在本研究中，我们展示了地理画像技术如何应用于动物数据，以苏格兰东北部两个同域分布的伏翼蝙蝠种群（普通伏翼和拟伏翼）的觅食模式为例。我们表明，如果将模型变量拟合到已知的栖息地位置，这些变量可以用作觅食模式的数值描述符。我们接着表明，这些变量可用于区分这两个物种的觅食模式。
