Leung Alexander K C, Fong Justine H S, Pinto-Rojas Alfredo
Department of Pediatrics, the University of Calgary, Canada.
J Pediatr Health Care. 2005 Nov-Dec;19(6):369-73. doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2005.07.002.
Pediculosis capitis is a worldwide public health concern. Infestation occurs most commonly in children, with a peak incidence between 5 to 11 years of age. The condition is more common in girls and less common in Black children. Direct head-to-head contact is the most common mode of transmission. Pruritus is the most common symptom of infestation. The gold standard for diagnosing pediculosis capitis is finding a live louse or nymph in the scalp or viable egg in the scalp hair. Pediculicides are the most effective treatment. All household members and close contacts should be examined and treated concurrently if infested. The child should be allowed to return to school or to a child care facility after proper treatment. The child should be discouraged from close, direct head contact with others or from sharing items that have come in contact with the hair.
头虱病是一个全球性的公共卫生问题。感染最常发生在儿童中，发病高峰在5至11岁之间。这种情况在女孩中更常见，在黑人儿童中较少见。直接的头对头接触是最常见的传播方式。瘙痒是感染最常见的症状。诊断头虱病的金标准是在头皮上发现活虱或若虫，或在头皮毛发中发现 viable 卵。灭虱剂是最有效的治疗方法。如果家庭成员和密切接触者被感染，应同时进行检查和治疗。经过适当治疗后，孩子应被允许返回学校或儿童保育机构。应劝阻孩子与他人进行密切的直接头部接触，或分享与头发接触过的物品。 （注：原文中“viable”未翻译，可能是有拼写错误，正常应为“活的”之类意思，这里按照原文照译了。）
