West Sharon A, Drummond Micah J, Vanness J Mark, Ciccolella Margaret E
Department of Sport Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2005 Nov;19(4):772-6. doi: 10.1519/R-14543.1.
Controlled frequency breathing (CFB) is a training technique used by swimmers in an effort to simulate high-intensity workloads by limiting oxygen availability to the body and stimulating anaerobic metabolism. During CFB, a swimmer voluntarily restricts breathing, which, theoretically, limits oxygen availability and stimulates anaerobic metabolism. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of CFB on blood lactate and metabolic responses during graded increases in swimming intensity. A free swimming (FS) protocol was used to determine blood lactate and heart rate (HR) responses to CFB, while a tethered swimming (TS) protocol was used to determine blood lactate, HR, and ventilatory responses to CFB. The subjects swam four 3-minute trials at workloads of 55, 65, 75, and 85% of peak intensity during both protocols. A total of 46 competitive collegiate swimmers participated in the study. Thirty-four subjects (14 men and 20 women) completed the FS protocol, and 12 subjects (7 men and 5 women) completed the TS protocol. CFB reduced ventilation and Vo(2) (p < 0.05) during the TS protocol and reduced HR (p < 0.05) during the FS protocol when compared to normal breathing. However, CFB did not alter blood lactate concentrations for either protocol (p > 0.05). Our findings demonstrate that although CFB does not alter the blood lactate response to graded increases in swimming intensity, it appears to reduce the ventilatory and HR responses to exercise. Thus, swim coaches can use CFB at moderate intensities to simulate high-intensity training but should consider adjusting HR training zones to reflect the reduction in HR associated with reduced ventilation.
控制性频率呼吸（CFB）是游泳运动员使用的一种训练技术，旨在通过限制身体的氧气供应并刺激无氧代谢来模拟高强度训练负荷。在CFB训练期间，游泳运动员会主动限制呼吸，从理论上讲，这会限制氧气供应并刺激无氧代谢。本研究的目的是确定CFB对游泳强度逐步增加过程中血乳酸和代谢反应的影响。采用自由泳（FS）方案来确定CFB训练时的血乳酸和心率（HR）反应，同时采用系绳游泳（TS）方案来确定CFB训练时的血乳酸、HR和通气反应。在两种方案中，受试者均在相当于峰值强度55%、65%、75%和85%的负荷下进行了4次3分钟的试验。共有46名大学竞技游泳运动员参与了这项研究。34名受试者（14名男性和20名女性）完成了FS方案，12名受试者（7名男性和5名女性）完成了TS方案。与正常呼吸相比，在TS方案中CFB降低了通气量和摄氧量（p<0.05），在FS方案中CFB降低了心率（p<0.05）。然而，对于两种方案，CFB均未改变血乳酸浓度（p>0.05）。我们的研究结果表明，尽管CFB不会改变游泳强度逐步增加时的血乳酸反应，但它似乎会降低运动时的通气和HR反应。因此，游泳教练可以在中等强度下使用CFB来模拟高强度训练，但应考虑调整心率训练区间，以反映与通气减少相关的心率降低情况。
