Thompson Kevin G, MacLaren Donald P M, Lees Adrian, Atkinson Greg
School of Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, University of Wales Institute Cardiff, Cyncoed Campus, Cardiff CF23 6XD.
J Sports Sci. 2004 Feb;22(2):149-57. doi: 10.1080/02640410310001641467.
Performances often vary between the heats and finals of breaststroke swimming competitions possibly because the swimmers try to conserve their energy, or for other tactical reasons. Additionally, coaches might advise either a 'positive' or 'even' pace race strategy during the final. The effect of such pacing changes on metabolism (blood lactate, heart rate, ventilation), ratings of perceived exertion, stroke kinematics and turning times have not been investigated. Nine male competitive breaststroke swimmers swam three paced (Aquapacer) 200-m trials, 48 h apart and in random order, at 98%, 100% and at an attempted 102% of their maximal 200-m time-trial speed. Responses in metabolic variables were similar between the 98% and 100% trials, but higher post-exercise blood lactate concentrations and respiratory exchange ratios were observed following the 102% trial. As the pace of trials increased, stroke rate was found to increase proportionately with stroke count. However, during the latter stages of the 100% trial, a disproportionate increase in the stroke count was observed, which led to a significant pacing error. This feature was more obvious in the 102% trial, where participants demonstrated 'positive pacing' and reported higher ratings of perceived exertion than for the 98% trial. During the early stages of the trials, turning times were initially shorter the faster the pace of the trial; however, as the trials progressed, this pattern was found to reverse. We conclude that a slight reduction in pace during near maximal breaststroke swimming altered kinematic but not post-exercise metabolic responses, while an increase in pace led to positive pacing and an increase in both kinematic responses and anaerobic metabolism.
蛙泳比赛的预赛和决赛成绩往往有所不同，这可能是因为游泳运动员试图保存体力，或者出于其他战术原因。此外，教练可能会在决赛中建议采用“积极”或“均匀”的配速策略。这种配速变化对新陈代谢（血乳酸、心率、通气）、主观用力程度评分、划水运动学和转身时间的影响尚未得到研究。九名男性竞技蛙泳运动员进行了三次有配速（使用Aquapacer）的200米测试，间隔48小时，随机顺序进行，速度分别为其200米个人最好成绩的98%、100%和尝试达到的102%。98%和100%测试中代谢变量的反应相似，但在102%测试后观察到运动后血乳酸浓度和呼吸交换率更高。随着测试速度的增加，划水频率与划水次数成比例增加。然而，在100%测试的后期，观察到划水次数不成比例地增加，这导致了显著的配速误差。这一特征在102%测试中更为明显，参与者表现出“积极配速”，并且报告的主观用力程度评分高于98%测试。在测试的早期阶段，测试速度越快，转身时间最初越短；然而，随着测试的进行，发现这种模式发生了逆转。我们得出结论，在接近最大速度的蛙泳游泳过程中，速度略有降低会改变运动学反应，但不会改变运动后的代谢反应，而速度增加会导致积极配速，并使运动学反应和无氧代谢均增加。
