Peden Ann R, Reed Deborah B, Rayens Mary Kay
College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, 760 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0232, USA.
J Rural Health. 2005 Fall;21(4):310-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2005.tb00100.x.
The purposes of this pilot study were to examine prevalence of depressive symptoms among rural adolescents and identify related social and environmental variables.
A convenience sample of 299 14- to 18-year-old agriculture class students at 5 rural high schools in Kentucky and Iowa completed a survey that included demographic information, family farm history, experience with suicide, perception of school environment, and indicators of farm injuries and risky behaviors. Participants also completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) as well as scales to assess the number of major life events in the last year, active coping use, and family closeness.
The prevalence of a high level of depressive symptoms (CES-D > or = 16) in this sample was 34%. Nine percent had seriously considered suicide in the last year. Unlike previous reports, boys reported as many depressive symptoms as girls. Although the literature reports that engaging in risky behavior is associated with depressive symptoms, the only risky behavior linked with depressive symptoms in this sample was operating a 4-wheel all-terrain vehicle. Other predictors of depressive symptoms included poor family relationships and poor active coping.
Interventions to identify and prevent depressive symptoms in rural adolescents are needed. Boosting active coping and improving family function may also prevent the development of clinical depression in rural adolescents.
本初步研究的目的是调查农村青少年抑郁症状的患病率，并确定相关的社会和环境变量。
从肯塔基州和爱荷华州5所农村高中抽取299名14至18岁农业班学生作为便利样本，他们完成了一项调查，内容包括人口统计学信息、家庭农场历史、自杀经历、对学校环境的认知以及农场伤害和危险行为指标。参与者还完成了流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D），以及评估过去一年主要生活事件数量、积极应对方式的使用情况和家庭亲密程度的量表。
该样本中抑郁症状严重（CES-D≥16）的患病率为34%。9%的人在过去一年中曾认真考虑过自杀。与之前的报告不同，男孩报告的抑郁症状与女孩一样多。尽管文献报道从事危险行为与抑郁症状有关，但在该样本中，与抑郁症状相关的唯一危险行为是驾驶四轮全地形车。抑郁症状的其他预测因素包括不良的家庭关系和较差的积极应对方式。
需要采取干预措施来识别和预防农村青少年的抑郁症状。增强积极应对方式和改善家庭功能也可能预防农村青少年临床抑郁症的发生。
