Schürch Ernst, Lang Niklaus P
University of Berne School of Dental Medicine, Berne, Switzerland.
Oral Health Prev Dent. 2004;2(4):359-68.
To epidemiologically assess the periodontal conditions of the adult population in Switzerland.
During a ten-year period, a total of 1318 subjects were randomly selected on the basis of a process involving the community rosters in seven regions (Cantons) of Switzerland: (Canton of Berne; Canton of Zurich; Western cantons (GE,VD,NE); Eastern cantons (SG,AI,AR,TG,SH); Southern cantons (VS,GR,TI); Central cantons (LU,GL,ZG,UR,SZ,OW,NW) and Northern cantons (JU,FR,SO,AG,BL)) and encompassing all adult age groups (20-89 years). The subjects were examined in dental offices randomly distributed throughout the country. The number of teeth present, the mean Plaque and Gingival as well as Retention Indices were assessed. Furthermore, pocket probing depths and loss of periodontal attachment were determined on all teeth.
Ninety-four (7.1%) of the subjects were completely edentulous leaving 1224 dentate individuals with an average of 21.65 teeth for analysis. In the youngest cohort (20-29 years) 27.03 teeth were present. During the fourth to the seventh decade of life, tooth loss appeared to follow a linear pattern leaving 17.63 teeth in the age group of 60-69 years. The oldest age group of the 80-89 years old yielded 11.08 teeth. The mean scores of all clinical parameters increased significantly with increasing age. Mean PII in the youngest age group was PII: 0.72 (SD: 0.38) and reached PII: 1.55 (SD: 0.68) in the oldest. The corresponding mean GI were 1.17 (SD: 0.31) and GI: 1.64 (SD: 0.50), respectively. The mean RI increased from 0.24 (SD: 0.29) to RI: 1.34 (SD: 0.70) in the oldest. Mean probing depth increased slightly from 20 to approximately 49 years. Thereafter, mean PPD remained around 3.0 mm. The loss of periodontal attachment increased dramatically after the age of 50.
Periodontitis manifests itself after the age of 50. The pronounced progressive attachment loss in the age cohorts over fifty years explained the marked loss of teeth in some individuals. From a public health point of view, it is indicated to make a major effort for periodontal prevention in the population approaching the second third of life.
对瑞士成年人口的牙周状况进行流行病学评估。
在十年期间，根据瑞士七个地区（州）的社区名册，通过随机过程共选取了1318名受试者：（伯尔尼州；苏黎世州；西部各州（日内瓦州、沃州、纳沙泰尔州）；东部各州（圣加仑州、阿彭策尔州内罗登半州、阿彭策尔州外罗登半州、图尔高州、施维茨州）；南部各州（瓦莱州、格劳宾登州、提契诺州）；中部各州（卢塞恩州、格拉鲁斯州、楚格州、乌里州、施瓦本州、上瓦尔登州、下瓦尔登州）和北部各州（汝拉州、弗里堡州、索洛图恩州、阿尔高州、巴塞尔乡村半州）），涵盖所有成年年龄组（20 - 89岁）。受试者在遍布全国的牙科诊所接受检查。评估了牙齿数量、菌斑和牙龈以及存留指数的平均值。此外，还测定了所有牙齿的牙周袋探诊深度和牙周附着丧失情况。
94名（7.1%）受试者全口无牙，剩余1224名有牙个体，平均有21.65颗牙齿可供分析。在最年轻的队列（20 - 29岁）中，有27.03颗牙齿。在生命的第四个到第七个十年期间，牙齿丧失似乎呈线性模式，在60 - 69岁年龄组中剩下17.63颗牙齿。80 - 89岁的最年长年龄组有11.08颗牙齿。所有临床参数的平均得分随年龄增长显著增加。最年轻年龄组的平均菌斑指数（PII）为PII：0.72（标准差：0.38），在最年长组达到PII：1.55（标准差：0.68）。相应的平均牙龈指数（GI）分别为1.17（标准差：0.31）和GI：1.64（标准差：0.50）。最年长组的平均存留指数从0.24（标准差：0.29）增加到RI：1.34（标准差：0.70）。平均探诊深度从20岁到约49岁略有增加。此后，平均牙周袋探诊深度保持在3.0毫米左右。50岁以后牙周附着丧失急剧增加。
牙周炎在50岁以后显现。五十岁以上年龄组中明显的渐进性附着丧失解释了一些个体牙齿的显著丧失。从公共卫生的角度来看，建议在接近生命第二个三分之一阶段的人群中大力开展牙周预防工作。
