MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005 Nov 25;54(46):1177-80.
Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common causes of death among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The World Health Organization recommends screening HIV-infected persons for TB disease after HIV diagnosis, before initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and during routine follow-up care. In 2003, health officials in Banteay Meanchey Province, Cambodia, in conjunction with CDC and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), began a pilot project to increase TB screening among persons with HIV infection. Subsequently, CDC analyzed and evaluated data from the first 14 months of the project. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which determined that, during January 2004--February 2005, among persons with HIV infection at voluntary counseling and confidential testing (VCCT) clinics, 37% were screened for TB disease, and 24% of those screened had TB disease diagnosed. On the basis of these findings, the Provincial Health Department (PHD) took action to increase awareness of the risk for TB among HIV-infected persons. During the 3 months after these measures were implemented, the TB screening rate among persons with HIV infection increased to 61%. Evaluation of projects like the one conducted in Banteay Meanchey Province can help develop an evidence-based approach for removing barriers to screening HIV-infected persons for TB.
在全球范围内，结核病是感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）人群中最常见的死因之一。世界卫生组织建议在HIV诊断后、开始高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）之前以及常规随访期间，对HIV感染者进行结核病筛查。2003年，柬埔寨班迭棉吉省的卫生官员与美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）及美国国际开发署（USAID）联合开展了一个试点项目，以提高HIV感染者中的结核病筛查率。随后，CDC对该项目前14个月的数据进行了分析和评估。本报告总结了该分析结果，结果显示，在2004年1月至2005年2月期间，在自愿咨询和保密检测（VCCT）诊所的HIV感染者中，37%接受了结核病筛查，其中24%的筛查者被诊断患有结核病。基于这些发现，省级卫生部门采取行动提高HIV感染者对结核病风险的认识。在实施这些措施后的3个月内，HIV感染者中的结核病筛查率提高到了61%。对像班迭棉吉省开展的这类项目进行评估，有助于制定一种基于证据的方法，以消除HIV感染者结核病筛查的障碍。
