Tsutsumi Hiroyuki
Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan.
Uirusu. 2005 Jun;55(1):77-84. doi: 10.2222/jsv.55.77.
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common worldwide cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRI) in infants less than 6 months of age. The prophylaxis against RSV infection by vaccination has been unsuccessful because of its adverse effects. As antiviral drug, ribavirin spray (aerosol) had been used clinically and reduces the amount of virus load, without reducing the necessity of symptomatic therapy and the duration of hospitalization. Therefore RSV LRI has been treated mainly symptomatically. Recently humanized anti-RSV F protein monoclonal antibody was developed and prescribed for prevention in high-risk infants such as premature ones and those with chronic lung and congenital heart diseases. It reduced the incidence of hospitalization significantly. It has been introduced in clinical use in Japan following to Western countries. On the other hand, a number of anti-RSV drugs have now been investigation; however, no valuable drugs for clinical use have been yet developed.
人呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）是全球6个月以下婴儿下呼吸道感染（LRI）最常见的病因。由于其不良反应，通过疫苗接种预防RSV感染一直未成功。作为抗病毒药物，利巴韦林喷雾剂（气雾剂）已在临床上使用，可减少病毒载量，但并未减少对症治疗的必要性和住院时间。因此，RSV LRI主要采用对症治疗。最近，人源化抗RSV F蛋白单克隆抗体被研发出来，并用于预防高危婴儿，如早产儿以及患有慢性肺病和先天性心脏病的婴儿。它显著降低了住院率。继西方国家之后，它已在日本投入临床使用。另一方面，目前有多种抗RSV药物正在研究中；然而，尚未开发出有临床价值的药物。
