Iida Takaji, Sano Motohiko
Aquatic Animal Health Division, National Research Institute of Aquaculture Fisheries Research Agency, Mie, Japan.
Uirusu. 2005 Jun;55(1):145-51. doi: 10.2222/jsv.55.145.
Koi herpesvirus (KHV) disease emerged at the late 1990s, and has rapidly spread to the world. In Japan, KHV disease first occurred at October 2003. The disease resulted in mass mortality of wild carp as well as cultured carp. Until now, KHV-infected carp were found in 42 out of 47 prefectures in Japan. Only carp Cyprinus carpio is susceptible to KHV, while goldfish, closely-related species to carp, is not. The affected carp swim lethargically. Sunken eyes and gill necrosis are frequently noticed, but no marked internal signs are observed. Optimal water temperature for the disease is 18-23 degrees C. Under 13 degrees C or over 28 degrees C, no death occurs. Keep at over 30 degrees C cures KHV disease, but can make the fish latent carriers. Because the fish do not get acquired immunity against KHV disease under low water temperature, the disease recurs with increase of water temperature. Isolation of KHV is difficult. KHV disease is diagnosed through epidemiological investigation, disease signs and PCR detection of KHV DNA. Vaccine development is ongoing for restart of culturing carp at KHV-contaminated places.
鲤疱疹病毒（KHV）病于20世纪90年代末出现，并迅速蔓延至全球。在日本，KHV病于2003年10月首次发生。该病导致野生鲤鱼和养殖鲤鱼大量死亡。截至目前，日本47个都道府县中有42个发现了感染KHV的鲤鱼。只有鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）易感染KHV，而与鲤鱼亲缘关系密切的金鱼则不易感染。受感染的鲤鱼行动迟缓。经常会出现眼睛凹陷和鳃坏死的情况，但未观察到明显的内部症状。该病的最佳水温为18-23摄氏度。在13摄氏度以下或28摄氏度以上，不会出现死亡情况。将水温保持在30摄氏度以上可治愈KHV病，但会使鱼成为潜伏携带者。由于鱼在低温下不会获得针对KHV病的后天免疫力，随着水温升高，该病会复发。KHV的分离很困难。KHV病通过流行病学调查、病症以及对KHV DNA的PCR检测来诊断。目前正在进行疫苗研发，以便在受KHV污染的地区重新开展鲤鱼养殖。
