Tomanek Robert J
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, 1-402 BSB Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Angiogenesis. 2005;8(3):273-84. doi: 10.1007/s10456-005-9014-9. Epub 2005 Nov 25.
The formation of the coronary vasculature involves a series of carefully regulated temporal events that include vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, arteriogenesis and remodeling. This review explores these events, which begin with the migration of proepicardial cells to form the epicardium and end with postnatal growth and remodeling. Coronary endothelial, smooth muscle and fibroblast cells differentiate via epithelial-mesenchymal transformation; these cells delaminate from the epicardium. Following the formation of a tubular network by endothelial cells, an aortic ring of endothelial cells penetrates the aorta at the left and right aortic cusps to form the two ostia. Smooth muscle cell recruitment occurs rapidly and the coronary artery network begins forming as blood flow is established. Recent studies have identified a number of regulatory molecules that play key roles in epicardial formation and the transformation of its component cells into mesenchyme. Moreover, we are finally gaining some understanding regarding the interplay of angiogenic growth factors in the complex process of establishing the coronary vascular tree. Understanding coronary embryogenesis is important for interventions regarding adult cardiovascular diseases as well as those necessary to correct congenital defects.
冠状动脉血管系统的形成涉及一系列精确调控的时间性事件，包括血管生成、血管新生、动脉生成和重塑。本综述探讨了这些事件，它们始于前心外膜细胞迁移形成心外膜，止于出生后的生长和重塑。冠状动脉内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞和成纤维细胞通过上皮-间充质转化进行分化；这些细胞从心外膜分层。在内皮细胞形成管状网络后，内皮细胞的一个主动脉环在左右主动脉瓣叶处穿透主动脉，形成两个开口。平滑肌细胞的募集迅速发生，随着血流的建立，冠状动脉网络开始形成。最近的研究已经确定了一些在心脏外膜形成及其组成细胞向间充质转化过程中起关键作用的调节分子。此外，我们终于对血管生成生长因子在建立冠状动脉血管树的复杂过程中的相互作用有了一些了解。了解冠状动脉胚胎发育对于成人心血管疾病的干预以及纠正先天性缺陷所需的干预措施都很重要。
