Westendarp H
Fakultät Agrarwissenschaften und Landschaftsarchitektur Osnabrück, Fachgebiet Tierernährung.
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2005 Oct;112(10):375-80.
Essential oils are very complex mixtures of volatile, lipophilic compounds originating from plants. Due to their lipophility they posses a good intestinale and percutane absorption. Under external application essential oils demonstrate antiphlogistic or rubefacient to pro-inflammatority activities. Orally intake they stimulate the secretion of digestive enzymes and increase gastric and intestinal motility. Moreover they show spasmolytic, expectorative and diuretic activities. Besides antimicrobial properties on bacteria and fungi have been observed in vitro and in vivo. Due to their various effects essential oils increasingly gain attention in animal nutrition and are discussed to be alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. In some studies essential oils have been reported to reduce intestinal pathogens in broilers and piglets. When administered to ruminants essential oils decrease ruminal ammonia production by suppression the growth of deaminative microorganisms. However, the observed effects on growth performance are inconsistent among studies. In conclusion, there are still some unanswered questions concerning the mode of action, metabolic pathway and optimal dosage of essential oils in different animal species. Further scientific research is therefore needed to use essential oils effectivly in livestock feeding.
精油是源自植物的挥发性亲脂性化合物的非常复杂的混合物。由于它们的亲脂性，它们具有良好的肠道和经皮吸收性。在外部应用时，精油表现出抗炎或发红至促炎活性。口服时，它们刺激消化酶的分泌并增加胃肠蠕动。此外，它们还表现出解痉、祛痰和利尿活性。此外，在体外和体内都观察到了对细菌和真菌的抗菌特性。由于其多种作用，精油在动物营养中越来越受到关注，并被讨论为抗生素生长促进剂的替代品。在一些研究中，据报道精油可减少肉鸡和仔猪肠道中的病原体。当给反刍动物使用时，精油通过抑制脱氨微生物的生长来降低瘤胃氨的产生。然而，不同研究中观察到的对生长性能的影响并不一致。总之，关于精油在不同动物物种中的作用方式、代谢途径和最佳剂量仍有一些未解决的问题。因此，需要进一步的科学研究以有效地在牲畜饲养中使用精油。
