Galagan James E, Henn Matthew R, Ma Li-Jun, Cuomo Christina A, Birren Bruce
The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, USA.
Genome Res. 2005 Dec;15(12):1620-31. doi: 10.1101/gr.3767105.
The last decade has witnessed a revolution in the genomics of the fungal kingdom. Since the sequencing of the first fungus in 1996, the number of available fungal genome sequences has increased by an order of magnitude. Over 40 complete fungal genomes have been publicly released with an equal number currently being sequenced--representing the widest sampling of genomes from any eukaryotic kingdom. Moreover, many of these sequenced species form clusters of related organisms designed to enable comparative studies. These data provide an unparalleled opportunity to study the biology and evolution of this medically, industrially, and environmentally important kingdom. In addition, fungi also serve as model organisms for all eukaryotes. The available fungal genomic resource, coupled with the experimental tractability of the fungi, is accelerating research into the fundamental aspects of eukaryotic biology. We provide here an overview of available fungal genomes and highlight some of the biological insights that have been derived through their analysis. We also discuss insights into the fundamental cellular biology shared between fungi and other eukaryotic organisms.
过去十年见证了真菌王国基因组学的一场革命。自1996年首个真菌测序完成以来，可用的真菌基因组序列数量增加了一个数量级。超过40个完整的真菌基因组已公开发布，目前还有同样数量的真菌基因组正在测序，这代表了来自任何真核生物王国最广泛的基因组采样。此外，许多这些已测序的物种形成了相关生物的集群，旨在进行比较研究。这些数据为研究这个在医学、工业和环境方面都很重要的王国的生物学和进化提供了无与伦比的机会。此外，真菌也是所有真核生物的模式生物。现有的真菌基因组资源，加上真菌易于实验操作的特性，正在加速对真核生物生物学基本方面的研究。我们在此概述现有的真菌基因组，并重点介绍通过对它们的分析所获得的一些生物学见解。我们还将讨论对真菌与其他真核生物共有的基本细胞生物学的见解。
