Hollands J G, Spence I
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Hum Factors. 1992 Jun;34(3):313-34. doi: 10.1177/001872089203400306.
Subjects judged change and proportion when viewing graphs in two experiments. Change was judged more quickly and accurately with line and bar graphs than with pie charts or tiered bar graphs, and this difference was larger when the rate of change was smaller. Without a graduated scale, proportion was judged more quickly and accurately with pie charts and divided bar graphs than with line or bar graphs. Perception is direct when it requires simpler or fewer mental operations; we propose that perception of change is direct with line and bar graphs, whereas perception of proportion is direct with pie charts and divided bar graphs. The results are also consistent with the proximity compatibility principle. Suggestions for improving the design of graphical displays are given.
在两项实验中，受试者在查看图表时判断变化和比例。与饼图或分层柱状图相比，折线图和柱状图能让受试者更快、更准确地判断变化，且当变化率较小时，这种差异更大。在没有刻度的情况下，与折线图或柱状图相比，饼图和分割柱状图能让受试者更快、更准确地判断比例。当感知需要更简单或更少的心理操作时，感知是直接的；我们认为，折线图和柱状图对变化的感知是直接的，而饼图和分割柱状图对比例的感知是直接的。这些结果也与接近兼容性原则一致。文中给出了改进图形显示设计的建议。
