Scheytt Traugott J, Mersmann Petra, Heberer Thomas
Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technical University of Berlin, Ackerstr. 71-76, 13355 Berlin, Germany.
J Contam Hydrol. 2006 Feb 1;83(1-2):53-69. doi: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2005.11.002. Epub 2005 Dec 15.
Many pharmaceuticals pass the unsaturated zone before reaching an aquifer. Therefore, laboratory sand column transport experiments were conducted to study the transport behavior of carbamazepine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, and propyphenazone under unsaturated conditions. The test water was artificial sewage effluent to simulate the infiltration of reused wastewater. The test water was spiked with the pharmaceutically active compounds and the tracer LiCl. Afterwards it was passed through laboratory sand columns, one experiment for each pharmaceutical. The physical and chemical parameters were recorded and general ions measured. Pharmaceuticals were measured using solid phase extraction, derivatization, and detection with GC-MS. The column experiments indicate a significant elimination of ibuprofen (54%), propyphenazone (55%), and diclofenac (35%), whereas carbamazepine was not eliminated. Retardation factors varied between 1.84 for carbamazepine, 2.51 for propyphenazone, 3.00 for ibuprofen, and 4.80 for diclofenac. These results show that mobility and elimination of diclofenac, ibuprofen, and propyphenazone is about in the same range as for experiments under saturated conditions whereas carbamazepine had a significantly lower sorption and elimination under unsaturated conditions.
许多药物在到达含水层之前会穿过非饱和带。因此，进行了实验室砂柱迁移实验，以研究卡马西平、双氯芬酸、布洛芬和非那宗在非饱和条件下的迁移行为。测试用水为人造污水，以模拟再生废水的渗入。测试用水中添加了药物活性化合物和示踪剂氯化锂。然后将其通过实验室砂柱，每种药物进行一个实验。记录物理和化学参数并测量一般离子。使用固相萃取、衍生化和气相色谱-质谱检测法测量药物。柱实验表明布洛芬（54%）、非那宗（55%）和双氯芬酸（35%）有显著去除，而卡马西平未被去除。阻滞因子在卡马西平为1.84、非那宗为2.51、布洛芬为3.00、双氯芬酸为4.80之间变化。这些结果表明，双氯芬酸、布洛芬和非那宗的迁移性和去除率与饱和条件下的实验大致在同一范围内，而卡马西平在非饱和条件下的吸附和去除率显著较低。
