Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, and Marine Biology Research Division A-002, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1984 Apr;47(4):740-5. doi: 10.1128/aem.47.4.740-745.1984.
A method was developed to determine whether microorganisms mediate the precipitation of manganese(II) in the marine environment. Radioactive Mn(II) was used as a tracer to measure the precipitation (binding and oxidation) of Mn(II) [i.e., the Mn(II) trapped on 0.2-mum membrane filters] in the presence and absence of biological poisons. A variety of antibiotics, fixatives, and metabolic inhibitors were tested in laboratory control experiments to select poisons that did not interfere in the chemistry of manganese. The poisons were deemed suitable if (i) they did not complex Mn(II) more strongly than the ion-exchange resin Chelex 100, (ii) they did not interfere in the adsorption of Mn(II) onto synthetic deltaMnO(2) (manganate), (iii) they did not cause desorption of Mn(II) which had been preadsorbed onto synthetic manganate, and (iv) they did not solubilize synthetic manganate. In addition, several known chelators, reducing agents, and buffers normally added to microbiological growth media or used in biochemical assays were tested. Most additions interfered to some extent with manganese chemistry. However, at least one inhibitor, sodium azide, or a mixture of sodium azide, penicillin, and tetracycline was shown to be appropriate for use in field studies of Mn(II) binding. Formaldehyde could also be used in short incubations (1 to 3 h) but was not suitable for longer time course studies. The method was applied to studies of Mn(II) precipitation in Saanich Inlet, British Columbia, Canada. Bacteria were shown to significantly enhance the rate of Mn(II) removal from solution in the manganese-rich particulate layer which occurs just above the oxygen-hydrogen sulfide interface in the water column.
开发了一种方法来确定微生物是否介导海洋环境中 Mn(II)的沉淀。放射性 Mn(II)被用作示踪剂来测量 Mn(II)的沉淀（结合和氧化）[即在 0.2 微米膜过滤器上捕获的 Mn(II)]，在存在和不存在生物毒物的情况下。在实验室对照实验中测试了各种抗生素、固定剂和代谢抑制剂，以选择不会干扰锰化学的毒物。如果毒物 (i) 不会比离子交换树脂 Chelex 100 更强烈地络合 Mn(II)，(ii) 不会干扰 Mn(II)吸附到合成 deltaMnO(2)（高锰酸盐）上，(iii) 不会导致已经预吸附到合成高锰酸盐上的 Mn(II)解吸，以及 (iv) 不会溶解合成高锰酸盐，则认为它们是合适的。此外，还测试了几种已知的螯合剂、还原剂和缓冲剂，这些通常添加到微生物生长培养基中或用于生化测定中。大多数添加物在某种程度上干扰了锰化学。然而，至少有一种抑制剂，叠氮化钠，或叠氮化钠、青霉素和四环素的混合物，被证明适合用于 Mn(II)结合的现场研究。甲醛也可以在短时间孵育（1 至 3 小时）中使用，但不适合长时间过程研究。该方法应用于加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省萨尼奇湾 Mn(II)沉淀的研究。研究表明，细菌显著提高了富含锰的颗粒层中 Mn(II)从溶液中去除的速度，该颗粒层发生在水柱中氧-硫化氢界面之上。
