Siegler Robert S
Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Am Psychol. 2005 Nov;60(8):769-78. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.60.8.769.
A new field of children's learning is emerging. This new field differs from the old in recognizing that children's learning includes active as well as passive mechanisms and qualitative as well as quantitative changes. Children's learning involves substantial variability of representations and strategies within individual children as well as across different children. The path of learning involves the introduction of new approaches as well as changes in the frequency of prior ones. The rate and the breadth of learning tend to occur at a human scale, intermediate between the extremes depicted by symbolic and connectionist models. Learning has many sources; one that is particularly promising for educational purposes is self-explanations. Overall, contemporary analyses show that learning and development have a great deal in common.
一个儿童学习的新领域正在兴起。这个新领域与旧领域的不同之处在于，它认识到儿童的学习包括主动和被动机制，以及质和量的变化。儿童的学习在个体儿童内部以及不同儿童之间涉及表征和策略的显著变异性。学习的路径包括引入新方法以及改变先前方法的使用频率。学习的速度和广度往往发生在人类尺度上，介于符号模型和联结主义模型所描绘的极端情况之间。学习有多种来源；其中一个对教育目的特别有前景的来源是自我解释。总体而言，当代分析表明学习和发展有很多共同之处。
