Talati Ardesheer, Valero-Cuevas Francisco J, Hirsch Joy
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Percept Mot Skills. 2005 Aug;101(1):317-34. doi: 10.2466/pms.101.1.317-334.
Models of motor guidance that dynamically adjust to the availability and quality of sensory information are based on the observation that dexterous tasks are routinely performed using various combinations of visual and tactile inputs. However, a dynamic neural system that acquires and processes relevant visual and tactile information remains relatively uncharacterized in humans. In this study, whole-brain functional magnetic resonance images were acquired during a dexterous manipulation task, compression of the end caps of a slender spring prone to buckling, to investigate the neural systems associated with motor guidance under four visual and tactile guidance conditions: (1) eyes closed (no visual input), smooth end caps, (2) eyes dosed, rough end caps, (3) eyes open and watching hand, smooth end caps, and (4) eyes open and watching hand, rough end caps. Performance of the dexterous task remained constant in all conditions. Variations in the two levels of visual input resulted in modulation of activity in the middle and inferior occipital gyrii and inferior parietal lobule, and variation in the two levels of tactile input during the task resulted in modulation of activity in the precentral (primary motor) gyrus. Although significantly active in all conditions, cingulate gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and cerebellum activities were not modulated by levels of either visual or somatosensory input, and no interaction effects were observed. Together, these data indicate that a fine-tuned motor task guided by varying visual and tactile information engages a distributed and integrated neural complex consisting of control and executive functions and regions that process dynamic sensory information related to guidance functions.
能够根据感官信息的可用性和质量进行动态调整的运动引导模型，是基于这样一种观察结果：熟练的任务通常是利用视觉和触觉输入的各种组合来完成的。然而，人类中获取和处理相关视觉和触觉信息的动态神经系统仍相对未得到充分描述。在本研究中，在一项熟练操作任务期间采集了全脑功能磁共振图像，该任务是对一个细长的、容易弯曲的弹簧的端盖进行压缩，以研究在四种视觉和触觉引导条件下与运动引导相关的神经系统：（1）闭眼（无视觉输入），光滑端盖；（2）闭眼，粗糙端盖；（3）睁眼并注视手部，光滑端盖；（4）睁眼并注视手部，粗糙端盖。在所有条件下，熟练任务的表现保持恒定。两种视觉输入水平的变化导致枕中回和枕下回以及顶下小叶的活动受到调节，而任务期间两种触觉输入水平的变化导致中央前回（初级运动）回的活动受到调节。尽管在所有条件下扣带回、额内侧回、中央后回和小脑均有显著活动，但它们的活动并未受到视觉或体感输入水平的调节，也未观察到交互作用。总之，这些数据表明，由不同视觉和触觉信息引导的精细运动任务涉及一个由控制和执行功能以及处理与引导功能相关的动态感官信息的区域组成的分布式且整合的神经复合体。
