Peres Julio, Mercante Juliane, Nasello Antonia Gladys
Neurociências e Comportamento, Instituto de Psicologia da Universidade, de São Paulo.
Psychol Psychother. 2005 Dec;78(Pt 4):431-47. doi: 10.1348/147608305X26693.
The search to understand response to trauma has turned to the contribution of personality factors. The way people process the stressor event is critical in determining whether a trauma will be configured or not. Neuroscience shows that the brain does not store memories, but traces of information that are later used to create memories, which do not always express a completely factual picture of the past experience. Whenever an event is retrieved, it may undergo a cognitive and emotional change. Psychological dynamics--emotional interpretative tendency that affects the internal dialogue related to a meaningful event--may influence the development of positive or negative outcomes after stressor events. We postulate that therapists must see beyond the traumatic event itself and work with the internal dialogues that maintain the pathological relationship with the past episode. Thus, they may better treat traumatized patients by therapeutically rebuilding the memory. A brief clinical case is presented to show how exposure-based and cognitive restructuring therapy may help trauma victims experience psychological growth from their negative experiences, by fostering healthy psychological dynamics.
对创伤反应的研究已转向人格因素的作用。人们处理应激源事件的方式对于确定创伤是否会形成至关重要。神经科学表明，大脑并不存储记忆，而是存储后来用于创建记忆的信息痕迹，而这些记忆并不总是能完全呈现过去经历的真实画面。每当回忆起一个事件时，它可能会经历认知和情感上的变化。心理动力学——影响与有意义事件相关的内心对话的情感解释倾向——可能会影响应激源事件后积极或消极结果的发展。我们假设治疗师必须超越创伤事件本身，处理那些维持与过去事件病态关系的内心对话。因此，他们可以通过治疗性地重建记忆来更好地治疗创伤患者。本文介绍了一个简短的临床案例，以展示基于暴露和认知重构的疗法如何通过培养健康的心理动力学，帮助创伤受害者从负面经历中实现心理成长。
