[火力楠、木荷和黧蒴栲林分的土壤性质及持水能力]
[Soil properties and water holding capacites of Michelia macclurei, Schima superba and Castanopis fissa stands].
作者信息
Xue Li, Li Yan, Qu Ming, Yan Shu, Wang Xing
机构信息
Huitong Experimental Station of Forest Ecology, Chinese Acadeny of Sciences, Huitong 418307, China.
出版信息
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2005 Sep;16(9):1623-7.
The study showed that the soil density, total porosity, natural water capacity and capillary moisture capacity were 1.19 g x cm(-3), 56.73%, 15.7% and 43.2% in Michelia nacclurei stand, 1.26 g x cm(-3), 54.18%, 13.0% and 37.8% in Schima superb stand, and 1.06 g x cm(-3), 60.74%, 19.4%, and 45.8% in Castanopsis fissa stand, respectively. Soil water holding capacity and aeration were good in Castanopsis fissa stand but bad in Schima superba stand, whereas Michelia macclurei stand had a medium water holding capacity and a bad aeration. The water holding capacity of litter per tree was in order of Michelia nuacclurei (20 kg) > Castanopsis fissa (15 kg) > Schima superba (8 kg), whereas that of litter in stand was Castanopsis fissa (17 t x hm(-2)) > Michelia macclurei (16 t x hm(-2)) > Schima superba (13 t x hm(-2)). The nutrient storage of litter per tree was 112.71, 31.20 and 87.30 g in Michelia macclurei, Schima superba and Castanopsis fissa stands, respectively, and that of litter in stand was 84.35,51.86 and 98.11 kg x hm(-2), respectively. The soil in the three stands was strong acidic, and the content of soil organic matter, total N, total P, total K, alkalized N, available P and available K was 18.43 g x kg(-1), 0.69 g x kg(-1), 0.17 g x kg(-1), 5.83 g x kg(-1), 45.67 mg x kg(-1), 0.83 mg x kg(-1) and 23.13 mg x kg(-1) in Michelia macclurei stand, 13.40 g x kg(-1), 0.68 g x kg(-1), 0.20 g x kg(-1), 12.32 g x kg(-1), 40.78 mg x kg(-1), 0.85 mg x kg(-1) and 90.63 mg x kg(-1) in Schima superba stand, and 28.50 g x kg(-1), 0.97 g x kg(-1), 0.23 g x kg(-1), 18.77 g x kg(-1), 73.40 mg x kg(-1), 1.45 mg x kg(-1) and 66.50 mg x kg(-1) in Castanopsis fissa stand, respectively. Soil bacteria accounted for > 94% of soil microbes, and their individuals were 41 x 105, 34 x 104 and 5.3 x 104 g(-1) in Michelia macclurei, Schima superba and Castanopsis fissa stands, respectively. The activities of soil urease, catalase and phosphatase in Castanopsis fissa stand were the greatest among the three stands, while soil cellulase activity in Michelia macclurei stand was greater than that in other two stands. In a word, soil fertility of Castanopsis fissa stand was the highest among three test stands.
研究表明，火力楠林分的土壤密度、总孔隙度、自然持水量和毛管持水量分别为1.19 g·cm⁻³、56.73%、15.7%和43.2%；木荷林分分别为1.26 g·cm⁻³、54.18%、13.0%和37.8%；黧蒴栲林分分别为1.06 g·cm⁻³、60.74%、19.4%和45.8%。黧蒴栲林分的土壤持水能力和通气性良好，木荷林分的较差，而火力楠林分的持水能力中等，通气性较差。单株凋落物持水量顺序为火力楠（20 kg）＞黧蒴栲（15 kg）＞木荷（8 kg），林分凋落物持水量顺序为黧蒴栲（17 t·hm⁻²）＞火力楠（16 t·hm⁻²）＞木荷（13 t·hm⁻²）。单株凋落物养分储量在火力楠、木荷和黧蒴栲林分中分别为112.71、31.20和87.30 g，林分凋落物养分储量分别为84.35、51.86和98.11 kg·hm⁻²。3种林分土壤均为强酸性，火力楠林分土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱化氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别为18.43 g·kg⁻¹、0.69 g·kg⁻¹、0.17 g·kg⁻¹、5.83 g·kg⁻¹、45.67 mg·kg⁻¹、0.83 mg·kg⁻¹和23.13 mg·kg⁻¹；木荷林分分别为13.40 g·kg⁻¹、0.68 g·kg⁻¹、0.20 g·kg⁻¹、12.32 g·kg⁻¹、40.78 mg·kg⁻¹、0.85 mg·kg⁻¹和90.63 mg·kg⁻¹；黧蒴栲林分分别为28.50 g·kg⁻¹、0.97 g·kg⁻¹、0.23 g·kg⁻¹、18.77 g·kg⁻¹、73.40 mg·kg⁻¹、1.45 mg·kg⁻¹和66.50 mg·kg⁻¹。土壤细菌占土壤微生物的比例＞94%，其个体数量在火力楠、木荷和黧蒴栲林分中分别为41×10⁵、34×10⁴和5.3×10⁴ g⁻¹。黧蒴栲林分土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶和磷酸酶活性在3种林分中最强，而火力楠林分土壤纤维素酶活性大于其他两种林分。总之，黧蒴栲林分的土壤肥力在3个试验林分中最高。
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