Kirchhoff Brenda A, Schapiro Melissa L, Buckner Randy L
Psychology Department, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
J Cogn Neurosci. 2005 Dec;17(12):1841-54. doi: 10.1162/089892905775008670.
Orthographic distinctiveness and semantic elaboration both enhance memory. The present behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies examined the relationship between the influences of orthographic distinctiveness and semantic elaboration on memory, and explored whether they make independent contributions. As is typical for manipulations of processing levels, words studied during semantic encoding were better remembered than words studied during nonsemantic encoding. Notably, orthographically distinct words were better recalled and received more remember responses on recognition memory tests than orthographically common words regardless of encoding task, suggesting that orthographic distinctiveness has an additive effect to that of semantic elaboration on memory. In the fMRI study, orthographic distinctiveness and semantic elaboration engaged separate networks of brain regions. Semantic elaboration modulated activity in left inferior prefrontal and lateral temporal regions. In contrast, orthographic distinctiveness modulated activity in distinct bilateral inferior prefrontal, extrastriate, and parietal regions. Orthographic distinctiveness and semantic elaboration appear to have separate behavioral and functional-anatomic contributions to memory.
正字法独特性和语义精细加工均能增强记忆。本行为学和功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究考察了正字法独特性和语义精细加工对记忆的影响之间的关系，并探究了它们是否做出独立贡献。正如加工水平操作的典型情况一样，语义编码时学习的单词比非语义编码时学习的单词记忆效果更好。值得注意的是，无论编码任务如何，在识别记忆测试中，正字法独特的单词比正字法普通的单词回忆效果更好，且获得更多的“记得”反应，这表明正字法独特性对记忆的影响与语义精细加工具有累加效应。在fMRI研究中，正字法独特性和语义精细加工激活了不同的脑区网络。语义精细加工调节了左前额叶下部和颞叶外侧区域的活动。相比之下，正字法独特性调节了双侧不同的前额叶下部、纹外和顶叶区域的活动。正字法独特性和语义精细加工似乎对记忆有着独立的行为学和功能解剖学贡献。
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