White Louise M, Ernst William R, Julien Gary, Garron Christine, Leger Martin
Ecosystem Research, 5424 Rector St, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3K 2N8, Canada.
Pest Manag Sci. 2006 Feb;62(2):126-36. doi: 10.1002/ps.1130.
Ambient air concentrations of nine selected pesticides used in potato cultivation were investigated on Prince Edward Island by collecting samples during the summer of 1998 at three potato farm sites and one non-agricultural site. In 1999, air samples were collected at a single potato farm site during local application of pesticides. The fungicide chlorothalonil was the only pesticide detected in every sample in both years, even in samples with a duration as little as 5 h. In 1998, maximum (45-458 ng m(-3)) and mean (22-193 ng m(-3)) concentrations of chlorothalonil from composite 42 h samples were one to two orders of magnitude greater at agricultural sites than at the non-agricultural site (3.9 and 2.5 ng m(-3), respectively). Maximum and mean concentrations of chlorothalonil from combined 24 h samples at the farm site in 1999 were higher than those measured in 1998 (636 and 284 ng m(-3), respectively). The ubiquitous presence in air of relatively high concentrations of chlorothalonil in agricultural areas on Prince Edward Island is likely related to its repeated use on potato farms where fungicides account for 80-90% of pesticides applied. Eight of nine pesticides were detected at farm sites in 1998 and they are ranked by mean concentration from highest to lowest as follows: chlorothalonil, methamidophos, azinphos-methyl, alpha-endosulfan, beta-endosulfan, pirimicarb, metobromuron, metribuzin, metalaxyl and fluazifop-P-butyl. Concentrations of metalaxyl, pirimicarb, metobromuron and fluazifop-P-butyl in air are among the first reported values for these pesticides. Five pesticides were detected at the Summerside farm in 1999, but only two fungicides (chlorothalonil and metalaxyl) were used locally, while the presence of metribuzin, alpha-endosulfan and methamidophos in air was not associated with local application. Evidence of pesticide drift was observed for chlorothalonil, alpha-endosulfan and methamidophos, and these pesticides were identified as being of high concern in terms of potential wildlife exposure on the Island.
1998年夏季，在爱德华王子岛的三个土豆农场和一个非农业地点采集样本，调查了土豆种植中使用的九种选定农药的环境空气浓度。1999年，在当地施用农药期间，在一个土豆农场采集了空气样本。杀菌剂百菌清是这两年每个样本中唯一检测到的农药，即使在持续时间仅5小时的样本中也是如此。1998年，来自42小时混合样本的百菌清最大浓度（45 - 458纳克/立方米）和平均浓度（22 - 193纳克/立方米）在农业地点比非农业地点高1至2个数量级（分别为3.9和2.5纳克/立方米）。1999年农场地点24小时混合样本中百菌清的最大浓度和平均浓度高于1998年测量的值（分别为636和284纳克/立方米）。爱德华王子岛农业地区空气中普遍存在相对较高浓度的百菌清，这可能与其在土豆农场的重复使用有关，在土豆农场，杀菌剂占施用农药的80 - 90%。1998年在农场地点检测到九种农药中的八种，按平均浓度从高到低排序如下：百菌清、甲胺磷、甲基谷硫磷、α-硫丹、β-硫丹、抗蚜威、甲氧隆、嗪草酮、甲霜灵和精稳杀得。空气中甲霜灵、抗蚜威、甲氧隆和精稳杀得的浓度是这些农药的首批报告值之一。1999年在萨默塞德农场检测到五种农药，但当地仅使用了两种杀菌剂（百菌清和甲霜灵），而空气中嗪草酮、α-硫丹和甲胺磷的存在与当地施用无关。观察到百菌清、α-硫丹和甲胺磷存在农药漂移现象，就该岛野生动物潜在接触而言，这些农药被确定为高度关注对象。
