John S D, Swischuk L E
Department of Radiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550.
Radiographics. 1992 Jul;12(4):625-43; discussion 644. doi: 10.1148/radiographics.12.4.1636030.
Upper airway obstruction in infants and children is a common and distressing problem because of the relatively narrow diameter of the airway in early life. Although ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging have become increasingly popular modalities for use in many pediatric diseases, plain radiography and fluoroscopy, with attention to technique, collimation, and patient position, continue to be the mainstays for the evaluation of stridor in children. An understanding of normal airway anatomy and air flow dynamics is necessary for this evaluation. This article presents the diagnostic features of conditions a radiologist may encounter in an infant or child with upper airway obstruction. Plain radiographic and fluoroscopic findings from over 100 cases of infants and children with this condition were reviewed to determine how frequently the specific diagnosis was confirmed with these studies. In the vast majority of cases, plain radiography and fluoroscopy suffice.
由于婴幼儿期气道直径相对较窄，婴幼儿上气道梗阻是一个常见且令人苦恼的问题。尽管超声、计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像在许多儿科疾病中的应用越来越普遍，但普通X线摄影和荧光透视检查，在注意技术、准直和患者体位的情况下，仍然是评估儿童喘鸣的主要手段。进行这种评估需要了解正常气道解剖结构和气流动力学。本文介绍了放射科医生在患有上气道梗阻的婴幼儿中可能遇到的疾病的诊断特征。回顾了100多例患有这种疾病的婴幼儿的普通X线摄影和荧光透视检查结果，以确定这些检查确诊具体诊断的频率。在绝大多数情况下，普通X线摄影和荧光透视检查就足够了。
