Stephens Bradford D, Diekema Douglas S, Klein Eileen J
University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
Wilderness Environ Med. 2005 Winter;16(4):192-7. doi: 10.1580/1080-6032(2005)16[192:riiwsn]2.0.co;2.
The objectives of this study were to identify the number and types of recreational injuries sustained by visitors to Mount Rainier National Park and Olympic National Park in Washington State and to compare the nature of injuries sustained by children compared with adults.
We retrospectively reviewed case incident reports obtained by rangers in Mount Rainer National Park and Olympic National Park between 1997 and 2001. Data collected included victim age, gender, date of injury, activity preinjury, type of injury, and mechanism of injury.
There were 535 cases of recreational wilderness injuries (including 19 total deaths), yielding a rate of 22.4 injuries per million visits. The mean age of injury victims was 34 years. Males were more likely to sustain injury than were females (59% vs 41%). Most injuries occurred during summer months between noon and 6:00 PM, and 90% occurred during daylight hours. The most common preinjury activities included hiking (55%), winter sports (15%), and mountaineering (12%), and the most common types of injuries included sprains, strains and soft tissue injuries (28%), fractures or dislocations (26%), and lacerations (15%). A total of 121 (23%) of the injuries occurred in children (<18 years of age). There were 19 deaths in the 2 national parks (18 men, 1 woman); all victims were adults. Hiking (58%) and mountaineering (26%) were the most common activities at the time of death. Mechanism of death included falls (37%), medical (eg, myocardial infarction) (21%), drowning (5%), and suicide (5%).
The most common type of injury was soft tissue injury, and injuries occurred most commonly while hiking, during daylight hours, and in the summer. Preinjury activities and types of injuries were different in children compared with adults. Knowledge of how and when injuries occur in national parks can assist in determining what resources are needed to help provide a safer environment for park visitors. This study may also aid prevention strategies in the national parks, guide training of rangers, aid in the preparation of first aid kits, and further the education of people who participate in wilderness activities.
本研究的目的是确定华盛顿州雷尼尔山国家公园和奥林匹克国家公园游客所遭受的娱乐性损伤的数量和类型，并比较儿童与成人所遭受损伤的性质。
我们回顾性地审查了1997年至2001年间雷尼尔山国家公园和奥林匹克国家公园护林员获得的事件报告。收集的数据包括受害者年龄、性别、受伤日期、受伤前的活动、损伤类型和损伤机制。
共有535例娱乐性野外损伤病例（包括19例死亡），每百万次游览的损伤发生率为22.4例。受伤受害者的平均年龄为34岁。男性比女性更容易受伤（59%对41%）。大多数损伤发生在夏季中午至下午6点之间，90%发生在白天。受伤前最常见的活动包括徒步旅行（55%）、冬季运动（15%）和登山（12%），最常见的损伤类型包括扭伤、拉伤和软组织损伤（28%）、骨折或脱位（26%）以及撕裂伤（15%）。共有121例（23%）损伤发生在儿童（<18岁）身上。这两个国家公园共有19人死亡（18名男性，1名女性）；所有受害者均为成年人。徒步旅行（58%）和登山（26%）是死亡时最常见的活动。死亡机制包括跌倒（37%）、医疗（如心肌梗死）（21%）、溺水（5%）和自杀（5%）。
最常见的损伤类型是软组织损伤，损伤最常发生在徒步旅行时、白天和夏季。与成人相比，儿童受伤前的活动和损伤类型有所不同。了解国家公园中损伤发生的方式和时间有助于确定需要哪些资源来为公园游客提供更安全的环境。本研究还可能有助于国家公园的预防策略、指导护林员培训、协助急救箱的准备，并促进对参与野外活动人员的教育。
