Baca Catherine T, Grant Kenneth J
Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions (CASAA) and Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA.
Addiction. 2005 Dec;100(12):1823-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01259.x.
This paper reviews the relevant literature related to the distribution of take-home naloxone.
A Medline search was conducted on articles published between January 1990 and June 2004 to identify scientific literature relevant to this subject. Those publications were reviewed, and from them other literature was identified and reviewed.
The prevalence, pathophysiology and circumstances of heroin overdose, and also bystander response are included in this review. Naloxone peer distribution has been instituted to varying degrees in the United States, Italy, Spain, Germany and the United Kingdom.
At this point the evidence supporting naloxone distribution is primarily anecdotal, although promising. Although the distribution of naloxone holds promise for further reducing heroin overdose mortality, problems remain. Naloxone alone may be insufficient in some cases to revive the victim, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), especially rescue breathing, may also be needed. A second dose of naloxone might be necessary. Complications following resuscitation from overdose may infrequently need in-hospital care. Mortality from injecting without anyone else present will be unaffected by take-home naloxone. Take-home naloxone should be studied in a rigorous scientific manner.
本文回顾了与纳洛酮带回家分发相关的文献。
对1990年1月至2004年6月期间发表的文章进行了医学文献数据库检索，以确定与该主题相关的科学文献。对这些出版物进行了综述，并从中识别和综述了其他文献。
本综述包括海洛因过量的发生率、病理生理学和情况，以及旁观者的反应。在美国、意大利、西班牙、德国和英国，纳洛酮同伴分发已在不同程度上实施。
目前，支持纳洛酮分发的证据主要是轶事性的，尽管很有前景。虽然纳洛酮的分发有望进一步降低海洛因过量死亡率，但问题仍然存在。在某些情况下，仅用纳洛酮可能不足以使受害者苏醒，可能还需要心肺复苏（CPR），尤其是人工呼吸。可能需要第二剂纳洛酮。过量复苏后的并发症可能偶尔需要住院治疗。无人在场时注射导致的死亡将不受带回家的纳洛酮影响。应采用严格的科学方法对带回家的纳洛酮进行研究。
