Iacono W G, Beiser M
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.
Am J Psychiatry. 1992 Aug;149(8):1070-4. doi: 10.1176/ajp.149.8.1070.
This study was undertaken to determine whether the incidence of schizophrenia is equivalent for males and females.
An attempt was made to identify every first-episode case of psychosis in a large Canadian city over a period of 2 1/2 years. A comprehensive referral network was established that included hospital and community settings where psychotic persons might appear. More than 300 potential subjects were identified, 175 of whom underwent a structured psychiatric interview and were assigned diagnoses according to five different diagnostic systems.
The incidence of schizophrenia was two to three times higher among males than among females. Even though the use of different diagnostic systems yielded slightly different risk rates, the elevated risk for males remained consistent. There were no differences between the sexes in the incidence of affective psychosis. In comparison with schizophrenia, the incidence rates for mood disorders with psychotic features were sometimes lower and sometimes higher, depending on the diagnostic system used.
The findings, coupled with reports in the past 10 years from other investigators, challenge the conventional belief that the incidence of schizophrenia is the same for the two sexes.
本研究旨在确定男性和女性精神分裂症的发病率是否相同。
试图在2年半的时间里识别加拿大一个大城市中每一例首次发作的精神病病例。建立了一个全面的转诊网络，包括精神病患者可能出现的医院和社区机构。识别出300多名潜在受试者，其中175人接受了结构化精神科访谈，并根据五种不同的诊断系统进行诊断。
男性精神分裂症的发病率比女性高两到三倍。尽管使用不同的诊断系统得出的风险率略有不同，但男性的高风险仍然一致。情感性精神病的发病率在性别上没有差异。与精神分裂症相比，伴有精神病性特征的心境障碍的发病率有时较低，有时较高，这取决于所使用的诊断系统。
这些发现，再加上过去10年其他研究者的报告，挑战了传统观念，即精神分裂症在两性中的发病率相同。
