Markkula S Eveliina, Salo Harri M, Rikalainen Anna-Kaisa, Jokinen E Ilmari
Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, PO Box 35, Survontie 9 YAC, FIN-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2006 Jul;21(1):70-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2005.10.007. Epub 2006 Jan 11.
In order to study the sensitivity of two fish species, carp (Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), to the immunomodulatory effects of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, the fish were exposed to a single UVB dose of 50, 250, 500 or 1,000 mJ cm(-2). These species represent different phylogenetic groups of fish, and they differ also in their behaviour inhabitating often dark and turbid (carp) or clear and transparent waters (salmonids). Immune responses were studied on day 1 post-irradiation. Unexposed fish, and fish exposed to radiation depleted of UV wavelengths served as controls. UVB irradiation markedly enhanced the blood respiratory burst and cytotoxic activity in carp, but in the head kidney these parameters were significantly suppressed. Rainbow trout respiratory burst was affected only after exposure with the highest dose of UVB. Lymphopenia and granulophilia were noted in both fish blood after exposure. This study indicates that UVB irradiation modulates immune functions in both fish species studied, and that rainbow trout is more tolerant than carp against UVB. Fish are clearly adapted to the environmental UVB levels prevailing in their usual living habitats, but are also a target of undesired effects of UVB on immune functions whenever exposed to increased radiation levels.
为了研究鲤鱼（Cyprinus carpio）和虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）这两种鱼类对紫外线B（UVB）辐射免疫调节作用的敏感性，将这些鱼暴露于50、250、500或1000 mJ cm(-2)的单一UVB剂量下。这些物种代表了不同的鱼类系统发育群体，它们的行为也有所不同，鲤鱼通常栖息在黑暗浑浊的水域，而鲑科鱼类则栖息在清澈透明的水域。在照射后第1天研究免疫反应。未暴露的鱼以及暴露于去除UV波长的辐射下的鱼作为对照。UVB照射显著增强了鲤鱼的血液呼吸爆发和细胞毒性活性，但在头肾中这些参数被显著抑制。虹鳟的呼吸爆发仅在暴露于最高剂量的UVB后受到影响。暴露后两种鱼的血液中均出现淋巴细胞减少和粒细胞增多。这项研究表明，UVB照射调节了所研究的两种鱼类的免疫功能，并且虹鳟比鲤鱼对UVB更具耐受性。鱼类显然适应了其通常生活栖息地中普遍存在的环境UVB水平，但每当暴露于增加的辐射水平时，它们也是UVB对免疫功能产生不良影响的目标。
