Okoji G O, Oruamabo R S
Department of Paediatrics, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.
West Afr J Med. 1992 Jan-Mar;11(1):1-6.
Between January 1984 and December 1987, 1509 singleton neonates were admitted into Special Care Baby Unit at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital; 29(1.9%) of these were Extreme Low Birthweight (ELBW), 86(5.7%) were Very Low Birthweight (VLBW), 406(26.9%) were Low Birthweight (LBW) and 988 (65.5%) were Normal Birthweight (NBW) infants. Survival rates in the four categories were 10.3%, 46.5%, 89.2% and 94.7% respectively. Factors which significantly influenced survival in the VLBW infants included higher mean birthweight (p less than 0.01) longer mean gestation (p less than 0.001) and lower incidence of birth asphyxia (p less than 0.02 with Yates's correction). Furthermore the survivors were significantly more mature for their gestation than those who died (p = 0.008, Fisher's Exact test). Care of the VLBW infant is not beyond the capabilities of Special Care Baby units in developing countries. In the light of our report, survival of Low Birthweight infants is a strong reflection of that of VLBW infants and survival of this category of babies could be improved by instituting general measures such as those aimed at reducing the incidence of LBW in the environment and by specific measures like carrying out prompt and effective resuscitation of the asphyxiated neonate and preventing sepsis.
1984年1月至1987年12月期间，1509名单胎新生儿被收治入哈科特港大学教学医院的特殊护理婴儿病房；其中29例（1.9%）为极低出生体重儿（ELBW），86例（5.7%）为超低出生体重儿（VLBW），406例（26.9%）为低出生体重儿（LBW），988例（65.5%）为正常出生体重儿（NBW）。这四类婴儿的存活率分别为10.3%、46.5%、89.2%和94.7%。显著影响超低出生体重儿存活率的因素包括较高的平均出生体重（p<0.01）、较长的平均孕周（p<0.001）以及较低的出生窒息发生率（经Yates校正后p<0.02）。此外，存活者在孕周方面明显比死亡者更成熟（p = 0.008，Fisher精确检验）。发展中国家特殊护理婴儿病房有能力护理超低出生体重儿。根据我们的报告，低出生体重儿的存活率在很大程度上反映了超低出生体重儿的存活率，通过采取诸如旨在降低环境中低出生体重发生率的一般措施，以及像对窒息新生儿进行及时有效的复苏和预防败血症等具体措施，可以提高这类婴儿的存活率。
