Cox Murray P, Mirazón Lahr Marta
Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Am J Hum Biol. 2006 Jan;18(1):35-50. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.20459.
The Solomon Islands lie in the center of Island Melanesia, bordered to the north by the Bismarck Archipelago and to the south by Vanuatu. The nation's half-million inhabitants speak around 70 languages from two unrelated language groups: Austronesian, a language family widespread in the Pacific and closely related to languages spoken in Island Southeast Asia, and "East Papuan", generally defined as non-Austronesian and distantly related to the extremely diverse Papuan languages of New Guinea. Despite the archipelago's presumed role as a staging post for the settlement of Remote Oceania, genetic research on Solomon Island populations is sparse. We collected paired samples from two regions that have populations speaking Austronesian and Papuan languages, respectively. Here we present Y-chromosome data from these samples, the first from Solomon Islands. We detected five Y-chromosome lineages: M-M106, O-M175, K-M9*, K-M230, and the extremely rare clade, K1-M177. Y-chromosome lineages from Solomon Islands fall within the range of other Island Melanesian populations but display markedly lower haplogroup diversity. From a broad Indo-Pacific perspective, Y-chromosome lineages show partial association with the distribution of language groups: O-M175 is associated spatially with Austronesian-speaking areas, whereas M-M106 broadly correlates with the distribution of Papuan languages. However, no relationship between Y-chromosome lineages and language affiliation was observed on a small scale within Solomon Islands. This pattern may result from a sampling strategy that targeted small communities, where individual Y-chromosome lineages can be fixed or swept to extinction by genetic drift or favored paternal exogamy.
所罗门群岛位于美拉尼西亚群岛的中心，北面与俾斯麦群岛接壤，南面与瓦努阿图相邻。该国的50万居民使用大约70种语言，这些语言分属两个没有亲缘关系的语系：南岛语系，这是一个在太平洋广泛分布且与东南亚岛屿地区所使用语言密切相关的语系；以及“东巴布亚语系”，通常被定义为非南岛语系，与新几内亚极其多样的巴布亚语系有较远的亲缘关系。尽管该群岛被认为是远海大洋洲殖民定居的一个中转站，但对所罗门群岛人口的基因研究却很少。我们从两个地区分别采集了样本，这两个地区的人口分别说南岛语系和巴布亚语系的语言。在此，我们展示这些样本的Y染色体数据，这是来自所罗门群岛的首批此类数据。我们检测到了五个Y染色体谱系：M-M106、O-M175、K-M9*、K-M230，以及极其罕见的分支K1-M177。所罗门群岛的Y染色体谱系落在其他美拉尼西亚岛屿人群的范围内，但单倍群多样性明显较低。从更广阔的印度-太平洋地区视角来看，Y染色体谱系与语系分布呈现出部分关联：O-M175在空间上与说南岛语系的地区相关联，而M-M106大致与巴布亚语系的分布相关。然而，在所罗门群岛内部较小的范围内，未观察到Y染色体谱系与语言归属之间的关系。这种模式可能是由针对小社区的抽样策略导致的，在这些小社区中，单个Y染色体谱系可能因基因漂变而固定或灭绝，或者因有利于父系异族通婚而消失。
