Zielinski David S, Bradshaw Catherine P
Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0545, USA.
Child Maltreat. 2006 Feb;11(1):49-62. doi: 10.1177/1077559505283591.
Numerous studies indicate that child maltreatment increases the risk for the development of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Great variations in outcome, however, have been noted among victims of maltreatment. From an ecological perspective, this review examines how the effects of maltreatment may be influenced by the contexts in which children develop, including their families, peer groups, schools, and communities. The literature reviewed suggests that contextual factors not only influence the incidence of maltreatment but also may moderate its developmental effects, thereby accounting for some of the heterogeneity in the outcomes associated with abuse and neglect. Closer examination of the influence contextual factors exert on the psychosocial sequelae of maltreatment will better inform the interventions, treatments, and public policies directed toward the maltreated population. Methodological considerations for conducting research in this area are also discussed.
众多研究表明，儿童虐待会增加内化和外化行为问题发展的风险。然而，虐待受害者的结果存在很大差异。从生态角度来看，本综述探讨了虐待的影响如何受到儿童成长环境的影响，包括他们的家庭、同龄群体、学校和社区。所审查的文献表明，背景因素不仅影响虐待的发生率，还可能缓和其发展影响，从而解释了与虐待和忽视相关结果中的一些异质性。更仔细地研究背景因素对虐待心理社会后遗症的影响，将为针对受虐待人群的干预措施、治疗方法和公共政策提供更好的信息。还讨论了在该领域进行研究的方法学考虑因素。
