Establishment and maintenance of stable spatial patterns in lacZ fusion transformants of Polysphondylium pallidum.

Polysphondylium pallidum cells were transformed with a construct containing the Dictyostelium discoideum ecmA promoter fused to a lacZ reporter gene. Two stably transformed lines, one in which beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) is expressed in apical cells of the fruiting body (p63/2.1), and one in which it is expressed in basal cells (p63/D), have enabled us to infer how cells move during aggregation and culmination. Several types of cell movement proposed to occur during slime mold culmination, such as random cell mixing and global cell circulation, can be ruled out on the basis of our observations. Cells of the two transformant lines express beta-gal very early in development. In both cases, stained cells are randomly scattered in a starving population. By mid to late aggregation, characteristic spatial patterns emerge. Marked cells of p63/2.1 are found predominantly at tips of tight aggregates; those of p63/D accumulate at the periphery. These patterns are conserved throughout culmination, showing that marked cells maintain their relative positions within the multicellular mass following aggregation. Neither the apical nor the basal pattern appears to be regulated within the primary sorogen by de novo gene expression or by cell sorting as whorls are formed. However, marked cells within a whorl re-establish the original pattern in secondary sorogens. This must be achieved by cell migration, since beta-gal is not re-expressed.