Williams M T
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa.
J Fla Med Assoc. 1992 Jun;79(6):405-8.
The term cytochrome P450 refers to a group of hemoproteins whose Fe(2+)-carbon monoxide complex shows an absorption spectrum with a maximum near 450 nm. There is a broad interest in the P450s because of their significance in a variety of disciplines ranging from medical genetics to inorganic chemistry. Cytochrome P450 enzymes are involved in the metabolism of drugs, carcinogens, steroids, pesticides, hydrocarbons and natural products. The toxicity of many of these products may be modulated, either via replacement or by the various oxidations catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 enzymes. In recent years the roles of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the metabolism of endogenous compounds have been partially elucidated. Physiological compounds such as steroids, fatty acids, prostanoids and other eicosanoids, fat-soluble vitamins and mammalian alkaloids have been shown to be substrates. Aside from their roles in metabolism, certain of these enzymes were found to be involved in the metabolic activation of a variety of chemical carcinogens and possibly in the overall process of chemical carcinogenesis. Studies show that alterations in cytochrome P450 activities toward various substrates have been implicated in diseases which affect human health. The roles are reviewed of the various cytochrome P450 enzymes in the metabolism of substrates which may be associated with clinical disease states.
细胞色素P450一词指的是一组血蛋白，其亚铁（Fe(2+)）-一氧化碳复合物的吸收光谱在450纳米附近有一个最大值。由于细胞色素P450在从医学遗传学到无机化学等各种学科中的重要性，人们对其有着广泛的兴趣。细胞色素P450酶参与药物、致癌物、类固醇、农药、碳氢化合物和天然产物的代谢。这些产物中许多的毒性可能会通过细胞色素P450酶催化的各种氧化作用或替代作用而受到调节。近年来，细胞色素P450酶在内源性化合物代谢中的作用已得到部分阐明。已证明类固醇、脂肪酸、前列腺素和其他类二十烷酸、脂溶性维生素和哺乳动物生物碱等生理化合物是其底物。除了在代谢中的作用外，还发现其中某些酶参与多种化学致癌物的代谢活化，并可能参与化学致癌的整个过程。研究表明，细胞色素P450对各种底物的活性改变与影响人类健康的疾病有关。本文综述了各种细胞色素P450酶在可能与临床疾病状态相关的底物代谢中的作用。
