Månsson Sven, Johansson Edvin, Magnusson Peter, Chai Chun-Ming, Hansson Georg, Petersson J Stefan, Ståhlberg Freddy, Golman Klaes
Department of Experimental Research, Malmö University Hospital, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
Eur Radiol. 2006 Jan;16(1):57-67. doi: 10.1007/s00330-005-2806-x. Epub 2005 Jun 14.
The evolution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been astounding since the early 1980s, and a broad range of applications has emerged. To date, clinical imaging of nuclei other than protons has been precluded for reasons of sensitivity. However, with the recent development of hyperpolarization techniques, the signal from a given number of nuclei can be increased as much as 100,000 times, sufficient to enable imaging of nonproton nuclei. Technically, imaging of hyperpolarized nuclei offers several unique properties, such as complete lack of background signal and possibility for local and permanent destruction of the signal by means of radio frequency (RF) pulses. These properties allow for improved as well as new techniques within several application areas. Diagnostically, the injected compounds can visualize information about flow, perfusion, excretory function, and metabolic status. In this review article, we explain the concept of hyperpolarization and the techniques to hyperpolarize 13C. An overview of results obtained within angiography, perfusion, and catheter tracking is given, together with a discussion of the particular advantages and limitations. Finally, possible future directions of hyperpolarized 13C MRI are pointed out.
自20世纪80年代初以来，磁共振成像（MRI）的发展令人惊叹，并且出现了广泛的应用。迄今为止，由于灵敏度的原因，质子以外的原子核的临床成像一直受到限制。然而，随着超极化技术的最新发展，给定数量原子核的信号可以增强多达100,000倍，足以实现非质子原子核的成像。从技术上讲，超极化原子核成像具有几个独特的特性，例如完全没有背景信号以及通过射频（RF）脉冲局部和永久性破坏信号的可能性。这些特性使得在几个应用领域中能够改进现有技术并开发新技术。在诊断方面，注入的化合物可以显示有关血流、灌注、排泄功能和代谢状态的信息。在这篇综述文章中，我们解释了超极化的概念以及使13C超极化的技术。给出了在血管造影、灌注和导管追踪方面获得的结果概述，并讨论了其特殊的优点和局限性。最后，指出了超极化13C MRI未来可能的发展方向。
