Lee Sue, Xu Qiyong, Booth Matthew, Townsend Timothy G, Chadik Paul, Bitton Gabriel
Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611-6450, USA.
Waste Manag. 2006;26(5):526-33. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2005.10.010. Epub 2006 Jan 5.
The biological conversion of sulfate from disposed gypsum drywall to hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) in the anaerobic environment of a landfill results in odor problems and possible health concerns at many disposal facilities. To examine the extent and magnitude of such emissions, landfill gas samples from wells, soil vapor samples from the interface of the waste and cover soil, and ambient air samples, were collected from 10 construction and demolition (C&D) debris landfills in Florida and analyzed for H(2)S and other reduced sulfur compounds (RSC). H(2)S was detected in the well gas and soil vapor at all 10 sites. The concentrations in the ambient air above the surface of the landfill were much lower than those observed in the soil vapor, and no direct correlation was observed between the two sampling locations. Methyl mercaptan and carbonyl sulfide were the most frequently observed other RSC, though they occurred at smaller concentrations than H(2)S. This research confirmed the presence of H(2)S at C&D debris landfills. High concentrations of H(2)S may be a concern for employees working on the landfill site. These results indicate that workers should use proper personal protection at C&D debris landfills when involved in excavation, landfill gas collection, or confined spaces. The results indicate that H(2)S is sufficiently diluted in the atmosphere to not commonly pose acute health impacts for these landfill workers in normal working conditions. H(2)S concentrations were extremely variable with measurements occurring over a very large range (from less than 3 ppbv to 12,000 ppmv in the soil vapor and from less than 3 ppbv to 50 ppmv in ambient air). Possible reasons for the large intra- and inter-site variability observed include waste and soil heterogeneities, impact of weather conditions, and different site management practices.
在垃圾填埋场的厌氧环境中，废弃石膏墙板中的硫酸盐生物转化为硫化氢（H₂S），这在许多垃圾处理设施中导致了气味问题和潜在的健康隐患。为了研究此类排放的程度和规模，从佛罗里达州的10个建筑与拆除（C&D）垃圾填埋场采集了来自气井的填埋气样本、垃圾与覆盖土壤界面处的土壤蒸汽样本以及环境空气样本，并对其中的H₂S和其他还原态硫化合物（RSC）进行了分析。在所有10个场地的气井气体和土壤蒸汽中均检测到了H₂S。垃圾填埋场表面上方环境空气中的浓度远低于在土壤蒸汽中观测到的浓度，且两个采样地点之间未观察到直接相关性。甲硫醇和羰基硫是最常观测到的其他RSC，不过它们的浓度低于H₂S。这项研究证实了C&D垃圾填埋场中存在H₂S。高浓度的H₂S可能会给在垃圾填埋场工作的员工带来担忧。这些结果表明，当员工在C&D垃圾填埋场进行挖掘、填埋气收集或进入受限空间作业时，应使用适当的个人防护装备。结果表明，在正常工作条件下，H₂S在大气中得到了充分稀释，通常不会对这些垃圾填埋场工人造成急性健康影响。H₂S浓度变化极大，测量值范围非常广（土壤蒸汽中从小于3 ppbv到12,000 ppmv，环境空气中从小于3 ppbv到50 ppmv）。观测到的场地内和场地间差异巨大的可能原因包括废物和土壤的异质性、天气条件的影响以及不同的场地管理做法。
