Banks J C, Palma R L, Paterson A M
Bioprotection and Ecology Division, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand.
J Evol Biol. 2006 Jan;19(1):156-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00983.x.
It is generally thought that the evolution of obligate parasites should be linked intimately to the evolution of their hosts and that speciation by the hosts should cause speciation of their parasites. The penguins and their chewing lice present a rare opportunity to examine codivergence between a complete host order and its parasitic lice. We estimated a phylogeny for all 15 species of lice parasitising all 17 species of penguins from the third domain of the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal rRNA gene, a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene and 55 morphological characters. We found no evidence of extensive cospeciation between penguins and their chewing lice using TreeMap 2.02beta. Despite the paucity of cospeciation, there is support for significant congruence between the louse and penguin phylogenies due to possible failure to speciate events (parasites not speciating in response to their hosts speciating).
一般认为，专性寄生虫的进化应与它们宿主的进化密切相关，并且宿主的物种形成应导致其寄生虫的物种形成。企鹅及其咬虱提供了一个难得的机会，来研究一个完整的宿主目与其寄生虱之间的共同分化。我们根据线粒体12S核糖体RNA基因的第三个结构域、线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基1基因的一部分以及55个形态学特征，估计了寄生在所有17种企鹅身上的15种虱子的系统发育。我们使用TreeMap 2.02beta软件，没有发现企鹅与其咬虱之间广泛共同物种形成的证据。尽管共同物种形成很少，但由于可能存在未能发生物种形成的事件（寄生虫没有因宿主物种形成而发生物种形成），虱子和企鹅的系统发育之间存在显著一致性的证据。
