Setcos James C, Babaei-Mahani Amir, Silvio Lucy Di, Mjör Ivar A, Wilson Nairn H F
Restorative Dentistry, University of Manchester, UK.
Dent Mater. 2006 Dec;22(12):1163-8. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2005.11.033. Epub 2006 Jan 6.
Nickel is a constituent of many dental alloys. This paper reviews mainly papers published after 1985 with regards to biological reactions to nickel in dentistry. Nickel is an allergen, but there is no evidence that individual patients are at a significant risk of developing sensitivity solely due to contact with nickel-containing dental appliances and restorations. Hypersensitivity reactions to nickel are only likely to occur with prior sensitization from non-dental contacts and even these are rare. Clinical evidence has been presented to show that small doses of nickel, e.g. from dental appliances, may induce tolerance to this allergen. The papers reviewed report low rates of release of nickel from dental alloys. Some nickel compounds, which are mildly cytotoxic, have been implicated as carcinogens by inhalation in industrial settings, but these compounds are not present in dentistry-related operations, including dental technology procedures. Nickel-containing alloys and compounds have not been associated with increased cancer risk by oral or dermal routes of exposure. It is concluded that, subject to use according to established techniques, nickel-containing dental alloys do not pose a risk to patients or members of the dental team.
镍是许多牙科合金的组成成分。本文主要综述了1985年以后发表的关于牙科领域中镍的生物反应的论文。镍是一种过敏原，但没有证据表明个体患者仅因接触含镍牙科器具和修复体就有显著的发生过敏的风险。对镍的超敏反应仅在先前因非牙科接触致敏的情况下才可能发生，而且即便如此也很罕见。已有临床证据表明，小剂量的镍，如来自牙科器具的镍，可能会诱导对这种过敏原产生耐受性。所综述的论文报告了牙科合金中镍的低释放率。一些具有轻度细胞毒性的镍化合物在工业环境中通过吸入被认为是致癌物，但这些化合物在包括牙科技术操作在内的牙科相关操作中并不存在。含镍合金和化合物通过口服或皮肤接触途径并未显示会增加癌症风险。结论是，只要按照既定技术使用，含镍牙科合金不会对患者或牙科团队成员构成风险。
